Energy Bill
Debate between Lord Bishop of Chester and Lord Cameron of Dillington
Lord Cameron of Dillington
Perhaps we can get back to the amendment. I support it because connectivity is like an international capacity mechanism, except that it has the ability to incorporate renewable technology and even intermittent power. I say to the noble Lord, Lord O’Neill, that it is not all about the UK. It is about sharing surplus all over Europe. That is the whole point. It is very unlikely that you will get a particular moment when there is no sun in Italy, no wind in Germany or Ireland, no water behind the hydro dams of Norway and no nuclear power coming out of France. There will always be surplus here and there. For instance, at one moment last week in the German market, 33% of the power was being produced by PV. There was a complete surplus in the marketplace. It was disastrous for the coal-fired power stations of Germany because suddenly the price of electricity went very cheap.
The interconnectivity is a transEuropean thing which we can all work together. I believe that an interconnected Europe would be a secure Europe in that way. However, we have a long way to go, and the noble Lord, Lord O’Neill, is correct to refer to the glacial speed. There are different regulations in different countries and different ownership structures, including some nationalised industries and old semi-nationalised industries, which are very inefficient yet determined to fend off any possible competition from abroad. There is also the question of different voltages operating in different countries. Hovering over all these uncertainties are the European public, who seem to want their power but under no circumstances want to have more pylons.
Meanwhile, in all this the EU Commission has made £9.2 billion available for overall connectivity, including gas, when the rough estimate for the electricity grid connections is £104 billion, including £23 billion for subsea cables alone. I ought to correct one other thing that the noble Lord, Lord O’Neill, said: with high-voltage direct current there are almost nil losses in transmission. Although the power stations at either end are obviously more expensive the line itself is much cheaper, particularly if it goes underwater.
The point is that the rest of that money—the £104 billion —has to come from the marketplace but to get even a proportion of that money, the market will need the certainty of international commitment and the certainty of a plan. It will need an EU plan set out by the Commission in a way that guarantees long-term commitment and is signed up to by all the member states involved. Eurelectric, the trade body representing the European electricity sector, says that creating a predictable policy framework would help utilities to finance their investment plans and attract the necessary funds. Incidentally, Herman van Rompuy says that the implementation of such a framework, which includes electricity and gas, could save the EU consumer up to €30 billion per annum. My point is that in order to get a firm and committed EU strategy, we need to start with a firm UK strategy. That, in a nutshell, is why I support this amendment.
The Lord Bishop of Chester
My Lords, when I am in a really tedious meeting I sometimes flick to my iPhone if I succumb to the temptation. The Energywatch organisation has a splendid app which tells you exactly what electricity generation is going on at any particular moment. I can tell your Lordships that at this moment we are depending upon supplies from overseas of 7%, or 3 gigawatts. Wind is producing at the moment less than one sixth of that. Over time, I am struck by just what a significant proportion of our electricity already comes in that way. Three gigawatts is not nothing; it is a very significant amount.
When the Minister responds, it would be helpful if she could give some indication as to what security there is. I belong to those who have some anxieties that in three or four years’ time, if economic activity picks up and some outages occur at a couple of big stations that we are not expecting, and if the weather is very cold and the wind is not blowing, we are going to depend upon electricity coming from these interconnectors. We can depend on it only if we know that they will be available. If the weather is also inadvertent in other countries, what security do we have that the electricity will be available from other places? I am entirely with the view that we should have a European electricity market. That is absolutely right but it has to be with certain guarantees for supply in this country, especially when supply gets tight in a few years’ time.