Siobhain McDonagh - All Sparring Partners

Siobhain McDonagh Sparring Partners

Lord Cameron of Chipping Norton (Conservative)
(22 debate interactions)

Baroness May of Maidenhead (Conservative)
(18 debate interactions)

Nick Gibb (Conservative)
(16 debate interactions)

Bob Blackman (Conservative)
(16 debate interactions)

Boris Johnson (Conservative)
(13 debate interactions)

Eddie Hughes (Conservative)
(13 debate interactions)

Dehenna Davison (Conservative)
(13 debate interactions)

Alistair Burt (Conservative)
(12 debate interactions)

James Brokenshire (Conservative)
(12 debate interactions)

Vicky Ford (Conservative)
(12 debate interactions)

Andrew Griffith (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology
(12 debate interactions)

Andrea Leadsom (Conservative)
(11 debate interactions)

Jim Shannon (Democratic Unionist Party)
(11 debate interactions)

Matthew Pennycook (Labour)
Minister of State (Housing, Communities and Local Government)
(11 debate interactions)

Edward Argar (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Justice
(10 debate interactions)

Gareth Thomas (Labour (Co-op))
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Department for Business and Trade)
(9 debate interactions)

Lord Grayling (Conservative)
(9 debate interactions)

Jeremy Hunt (Conservative)
Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
(9 debate interactions)

Wes Streeting (Labour)
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
(9 debate interactions)

Joan Ryan (The Independent Group for Change)
(9 debate interactions)

John Bercow (Speaker)
(8 debate interactions)

Baroness Laing of Elderslie (Conservative)
(8 debate interactions)

Karen Buck (Labour)
(8 debate interactions)

Caroline Dinenage (Conservative)
(8 debate interactions)

Kevin Hollinrake (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Trade
(8 debate interactions)

Lord Lansley (Conservative)
(7 debate interactions)

Lord Jackson of Peterborough (Conservative)
(7 debate interactions)

Chris Philp (Conservative)
Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
(7 debate interactions)

Paul Scully (Conservative)
(7 debate interactions)

Lucy Powell (Labour (Co-op))
Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons
(7 debate interactions)

Kelly Tolhurst (Conservative)
(7 debate interactions)

Sarah Owen (Labour)
(7 debate interactions)

Lord Young of Cookham (Conservative)
(6 debate interactions)

Nigel Evans (Conservative)
(6 debate interactions)

Mark Harper (Conservative)
(6 debate interactions)

Anna Soubry (The Independent Group for Change)
(6 debate interactions)

Ed Davey (Liberal Democrat)
(6 debate interactions)

Rupa Huq (Labour)
(6 debate interactions)

Matt Western (Labour)
(6 debate interactions)

Emma Hardy (Labour)
Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs)
(6 debate interactions)

John Healey (Labour)
Secretary of State for Defence
(6 debate interactions)

Mel Stride (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
(6 debate interactions)

Gavin Williamson (Conservative)
(6 debate interactions)

Angela Eagle (Labour)
Minister of State (Home Office)
(6 debate interactions)

David Lammy (Labour)
Foreign Secretary
(5 debate interactions)

Lindsay Hoyle (Speaker)
(5 debate interactions)

David Evennett (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

David Morris (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Lord Barwell (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Baroness Morgan of Cotes (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Lord Swire (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Lord Vaizey of Didcot (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Tom Brake (Liberal Democrat)
(5 debate interactions)

Stephen Timms (Labour)
Minister of State (Department for Work and Pensions)
(5 debate interactions)

James Berry (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Bob Stewart (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

David Rutley (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Justine Greening (Independent)
(5 debate interactions)

Sajid Javid (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Mark Field (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Nick Hurd (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Jonathan Ashworth (Labour (Co-op))
(5 debate interactions)

Christopher Pincher (Independent)
(5 debate interactions)

Luke Hall (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Amanda Milling (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Will Quince (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Tulip Siddiq (Labour)
Economic Secretary (HM Treasury)
(5 debate interactions)

Iain Duncan Smith (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Suella Braverman (Conservative)
(5 debate interactions)

Ed Miliband (Labour)
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero
(5 debate interactions)

Barry Gardiner (Labour)
(4 debate interactions)

Matthew Offord (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Graham Allen (Labour)
(4 debate interactions)

Robert Neill (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Clive Betts (Labour)
(4 debate interactions)

Chloe Smith (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Damian Green (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Tobias Ellwood (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Margot James (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

John Redwood (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Lord Benyon (Crossbench)
(4 debate interactions)

Lord Field of Birkenhead (Crossbench)
(4 debate interactions)

Victoria Atkins (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
(4 debate interactions)

Kit Malthouse (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

David Linden (Scottish National Party)
(4 debate interactions)

John Glen (Conservative)
Shadow Paymaster General
(4 debate interactions)

Maria Caulfield (Conservative)
(4 debate interactions)

Robert Halfon (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Andy Burnham (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Eric Ollerenshaw (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Stephen Hammond (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Aidan Burley (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Lord Stunell (Liberal Democrat)
(3 debate interactions)

Wayne David (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Steve Reed (Labour (Co-op))
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
(3 debate interactions)

Lord Spellar (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Jackie Doyle-Price (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Kate Green (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Nicholas Dakin (Labour)
Government Whip, Lord Commissioner of HM Treasury
(3 debate interactions)

Alison Thewliss (Scottish National Party)
(3 debate interactions)

Mike Kane (Labour)
Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Transport)
(3 debate interactions)

Julie Elliott (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Dan Jarvis (Labour)
Minister of State (Home Office)
(3 debate interactions)

Baroness Blackwood of North Oxford (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Phillip Lee (Liberal Democrat)
(3 debate interactions)

Dominic Raab (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Greg Clark (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Caroline Nokes (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Paul Sweeney (Labour (Co-op))
(3 debate interactions)

Lord Harrington of Watford (Non-affiliated)
(3 debate interactions)

Leo Docherty (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Heather Wheeler (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Mike Amesbury (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Seema Malhotra (Labour (Co-op))
Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Home Office)
(3 debate interactions)

Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Hugh Gaffney (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Justin Madders (Labour)
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Department for Business and Trade)
(3 debate interactions)

Harriett Baldwin (Conservative)
Shadow Minister (Development)
(3 debate interactions)

Derek Thomas (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Graham P Jones (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Martin Whitfield (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Rebecca Long Bailey (Independent)
(3 debate interactions)

Matt Warman (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Jonathan Gullis (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Felicity Buchan (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Maggie Throup (Conservative)
(3 debate interactions)

Alan Whitehead (Labour)
(3 debate interactions)

Andrew Turner (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Mike Gapes (The Independent Group for Change)
(2 debate interactions)

Lord Clarke of Nottingham (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Simon Hughes (Liberal Democrat)
(2 debate interactions)

Lord Hague of Richmond (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Philip Davies (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

James Gray (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Lord Wharton of Yarm (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Henry Smith (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Mark Prisk (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Simon Burns (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Michael Gove (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Mark Pritchard (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Nick Smith (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Chris Ruane (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Dan Poulter (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Nick Clegg (Liberal Democrat)
(2 debate interactions)

Sarah Champion (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Jane Ellison (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Lord Pickles (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Eilidh Whiteford (Scottish National Party)
(2 debate interactions)

Rob Marris (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

George Osborne (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Chris Leslie (The Independent Group for Change)
(2 debate interactions)

Alan Brown (Scottish National Party)
(2 debate interactions)

Amber Rudd (Independent)
(2 debate interactions)

Norman Lamb (Liberal Democrat)
(2 debate interactions)

Nick Thomas-Symonds (Labour)
Paymaster General and Minister for the Cabinet Office
(2 debate interactions)

Ranil Jayawardena (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Lord Hammond of Runnymede (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Wera Hobhouse (Liberal Democrat)
(2 debate interactions)

Conor McGinn (Independent)
(2 debate interactions)

Paul Masterton (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Caroline Johnson (Conservative)
Shadow Parliamentary Under Secretary (Health and Social Care)
(2 debate interactions)

Lord Sharma (Conservative)
COP26 President (Cabinet Office)
(2 debate interactions)

Nadhim Zahawi (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Helen Grant (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Marcus Jones (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Bob Seely (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Peter Bottomley (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Bambos Charalambous (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Julia Lopez (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
(2 debate interactions)

Chris Evans (Labour (Co-op))
(2 debate interactions)

Imran Hussain (Independent)
(2 debate interactions)

Deidre Brock (Scottish National Party)
(2 debate interactions)

Valerie Vaz (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Pete Wishart (Scottish National Party)
SNP Deputy Westminster Leader
(2 debate interactions)

Guy Opperman (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Emma Lewell-Buck (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Richard Bacon (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Stewart Malcolm McDonald (Scottish National Party)
(2 debate interactions)

Peter Dowd (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Adam Holloway (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Anne Marie Morris (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Chris Green (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Johnny Mercer (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Lucy Frazer (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Helen Whately (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
(2 debate interactions)

Jim McMahon (Labour (Co-op))
Minister of State (Housing, Communities and Local Government)
(2 debate interactions)

Steve Barclay (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
(2 debate interactions)

Simon Clarke (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Maria Eagle (Labour)
Minister of State (Ministry of Defence)
(2 debate interactions)

Gillian Keegan (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Cherilyn Mackrory (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Jo Churchill (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Tracy Brabin (Labour (Co-op))
(2 debate interactions)

Jacob Rees-Mogg (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Meg Hillier (Labour (Co-op))
(2 debate interactions)

Claudia Webbe (Independent)
(2 debate interactions)

Imran Ahmad Khan (Independent)
(2 debate interactions)

Christopher Chope (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Abena Oppong-Asare (Labour)
Parliamentary Secretary (Cabinet Office)
(2 debate interactions)

Nigel Adams (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Olivia Blake (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Rebecca Pow (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Jerome Mayhew (Conservative)
Shadow Parliamentary Under Secretary (Business and Trade)
(2 debate interactions)

Robin Walker (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Paula Barker (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Liam Fox (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Bridget Phillipson (Labour)
Minister for Women and Equalities
(2 debate interactions)

Trudy Harrison (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Gareth Davies (Conservative)
Shadow Exchequer Secretary (Treasury)
(2 debate interactions)

Shaun Bailey (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Elliot Colburn (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

John McDonnell (Independent)
(2 debate interactions)

Sara Britcliffe (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Rishi Sunak (Conservative)
Leader of HM Official Opposition
(2 debate interactions)

Helen Morgan (Liberal Democrat)
Liberal Democrat Spokesperson (Health and Social Care)
(2 debate interactions)

Yvonne Fovargue (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Tracey Crouch (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Paul Bristow (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Priti Patel (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Baroness Hodge of Barking (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Paul Beresford (Conservative)
(2 debate interactions)

Rachel Reeves (Labour)
Chancellor of the Exchequer
(2 debate interactions)

Tahir Ali (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Tonia Antoniazzi (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Simon Opher (Labour)
(2 debate interactions)

Andrew George (Liberal Democrat)
(1 debate interactions)

Keith Vaz (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Lee Scott (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Love (Labour (Co-op))
(1 debate interactions)

Lord McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown (Democratic Unionist Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Sheila Gilmore (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Brandon Lewis (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Bill Esterson (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Smith (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Lord Lancaster of Kimbolton (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Tom Greatrex (Labour (Co-op))
(1 debate interactions)

Graham Stuart (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Lord Herbert of South Downs (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Mark Lazarowicz (Labour (Co-op))
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Bridgen (Independent)
(1 debate interactions)

Phil Wilson (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Simon Hart (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Paul Burstow (Liberal Democrat)
(1 debate interactions)

Ian Paisley (Democratic Unionist Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Jeremy Corbyn (Independent)
(1 debate interactions)

Charles Walker (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

David Amess (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Lord Barker of Battle (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Jim Cunningham (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Nick Boles (Independent)
(1 debate interactions)

Sam Gyimah (Liberal Democrat)
(1 debate interactions)

Mark Durkan (Social Democratic & Labour Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Thérèse Coffey (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Mark Tami (Labour)
Treasurer of HM Household (Deputy Chief Whip, House of Commons)
(1 debate interactions)

Mark Pawsey (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Nusrat Ghani (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

John Howell (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Chris White (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Sharon Hodgson (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Lord Hanson of Flint (Labour)
Minister of State (Home Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Desmond Swayne (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Mary Creagh (Labour)
Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs)
(1 debate interactions)

Carolyn Harris (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Liz Kendall (Labour)
Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
(1 debate interactions)

Tristram Hunt (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Margaret Ferrier (Independent)
(1 debate interactions)

Albert Owen (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Lyn Brown (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Damian Hinds (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Education
(1 debate interactions)

David Burrowes (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat)
(1 debate interactions)

Steve Double (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Emma Reynolds (Labour)
Parliamentary Secretary (HM Treasury)
(1 debate interactions)

Laurence Robertson (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Laura Pidcock (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Chris Stephens (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Griffiths (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Helen Hayes (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Fiona Bruce (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Anneliese Dodds (Labour (Co-op))
Minister of State (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Baroness Chapman of Darlington (Labour)
Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Lord Johnson of Marylebone (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Neil Gray (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Lord Mann (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Clive Efford (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Jack Lopresti (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Gareth Johnson (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Gill Furniss (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Stephenson (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Pauline Latham (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Chris Law (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Chris Skidmore (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Judith Cummins (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Andy Slaughter (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Julian Lewis (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Jonathan Lord (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Ben Wallace (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Robert Buckland (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Christine Jardine (Liberal Democrat)
Liberal Democrat Spokesperson (Women and Equalities)
(1 debate interactions)

Michelle Donelan (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Miriam Cates (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Sarah Olney (Liberal Democrat)
Liberal Democrat Spokesperson (Cabinet Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Robert Jenrick (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Philippa Whitford (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

James Daly (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Angela Richardson (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Pat McFadden (Labour)
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
(1 debate interactions)

Laura Farris (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Kwasi Kwarteng (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Kirsten Oswald (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Christian Matheson (Independent)
(1 debate interactions)

Jesse Norman (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Edward Leigh (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Kerry McCarthy (Labour)
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Department for Energy Security and Net Zero)
(1 debate interactions)

Robbie Moore (Conservative)
Shadow Minister (Environment, Food and Rural Affairs)
(1 debate interactions)

Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Tom Hunt (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Catherine West (Labour)
Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Tom Pursglove (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

James Cleverly (Conservative)
Shadow Home Secretary
(1 debate interactions)

Andy McDonald (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Hannah Bardell (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Mark Spencer (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Diana Johnson (Labour)
Minister of State (Home Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Richard Fuller (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

David Simmonds (Conservative)
Opposition Whip (Commons)
(1 debate interactions)

Hywel Williams (Plaid Cymru)
(1 debate interactions)

Matt Rodda (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Hilary Benn (Labour)
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
(1 debate interactions)

Wendy Morton (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Sally-Ann Hart (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

James Davies (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Craig Tracey (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Peter Grant (Scottish National Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Baroness Winterton of Doncaster (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Daniel Kawczynski (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Alex Burghart (Conservative)
Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
(1 debate interactions)

Maria Miller (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Alistair Carmichael (Liberal Democrat)
(1 debate interactions)

Debbie Abrahams (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Navendu Mishra (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Jayne Kirkham (Labour (Co-op))
(1 debate interactions)

Llinos Medi (Plaid Cymru)
(1 debate interactions)

Laurence Turner (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Kieran Mullan (Conservative)
Shadow Parliamentary Under Secretary (Transport)
(1 debate interactions)

Carla Denyer (Green Party)
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Mitchell (Conservative)
Minister of State (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office) (Minister for Development)
(1 debate interactions)

Ellie Reeves (Labour)
Minister without Portfolio (Cabinet Office)
(1 debate interactions)

Andrew Rosindell (Conservative)
(1 debate interactions)

Miatta Fahnbulleh (Labour (Co-op))
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Department for Energy Security and Net Zero)
(1 debate interactions)

Paulette Hamilton (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Paul Kohler (Liberal Democrat)
Liberal Democrat Spokesperson (Transport)
(1 debate interactions)

Bell Ribeiro-Addy (Labour)
(1 debate interactions)

Sarah Dyke (Liberal Democrat)
(1 debate interactions)

Ellie Chowns (Green Party)
(1 debate interactions)