Flood Detection and Prevention: Technological Assistance
Debate between Baroness Grender and Lord Katz
Lord Katz (Lab)
The noble Baroness is right to point to the potential for natural flood management to improve the environment in a holistic way while providing sustainable flood defences. That can be through a variety of approaches, including restoring riverbeds, changing the way in which land is managed, as the noble Baroness says, to absorb more water, or creating salt marshes in coastal areas to absorb wave energy. That is why this Government have pledged to invest at least £300 million in natural flood management over the next 10 years—the highest figure to date for the floods programme—as well as work for other programmes, including environmental land management schemes, to ensure that farmers are properly part of the flood defence picture.
Baroness Grender (LD)
What additional steps are the Government taking to ensure that the benefits of new flood technology reach people in rented, social and low-income housing and are not confined to owner-occupiers who are better able to afford private resilience measures?
Lord Katz (Lab)
It is worth pointing out that a fair amount of work has been done, particularly by the Environment Agency, to improve community outreach and engage with the kinds of households that the noble Baroness describes. For instance, more than 1.5 million users are signed up to receive EA flood warnings in advance of flood incidents. The Environment Agency provides the online “check for flooding” service, which has recorded 2.2 million users and 30 million page views since September 2024. There is some great work going on around education. Together with Microsoft, the EA has worked in partnership to develop three national award-winning Minecraft game suites designed to teach key stage 3 pupils about flood risk.
Peatland Restoration
Debate between Baroness Grender and Lord Katz
Lord Katz (Lab)
The noble Lord is right to single out the importance of the broads and the wider lowland agricultural peatlands. They are responsible for 88% of all emissions from England’s peatlands. We are working with all our partner organisations, including the Broads Authority, to support the restoration of peatlands, be they lowland or upland. Over the next four years, for the lowlands, Defra will fund water infrastructure facilitation grants and wetter farming trials, which will enable farmers and land managers to make changes to their water management and undertake more sustainable actions on peat. We will continue to work with them to ensure that they get that balance right between their more high-profile activities, such as supporting tourism, and that essential activity on lowland peatlands.
Baroness Grender (LD)
My Lords, does the Minister agree with the widespread public concern that peat for horticulture continues to degrade our vital peatlands? Can he update the House on the Government’s response to the Horticultural Peat (Prohibition of Sale) Bill tabled by my Liberal Democrat colleague Sarah Dyke MP? Can he explain the delay on this, given that it was in the Government’s manifesto and was already a broken promise by the Conservative Government?
Lord Katz (Lab)
The noble Baroness is absolutely right that this is a very important issue. I am sure that she has read in detail our environmental improvement plan that was published at the end of last year. This was set out as one of our key actions on peatland and peatland restoration. The Government are committed to protecting these nature-rich habitats, including peat bogs, and we plan to legislate for a ban on the sale of peat and peat container products when parliamentary time allows. I am afraid that I am not going to predict what will be in any forthcoming King’s Speech, but this is a priority for this Government.
Independent Water Commission
Debate between Baroness Grender and Lord Katz
Lord Katz (Lab)
I know that the noble Baroness has taken a long interest in SUDS, and I want to reassure her and the House that the Government are strongly committed to improving the implementation of sustainable drainage systems. In December 2024, we made changes to the National Planning Policy Framework to support increased delivery of SUDS; the new planning policy framework now requires all developments to utilise SUDS where they could have drainage impacts appropriate to the nature and scale of the development. In June last year, the Government introduced new national standards to make clear that SUDS should be used to cope with the change in climatic conditions and deliver wider benefits. We are now consulting on a revised National Planning Policy Framework, including for flood risk and sustainable drainage systems, and separately on proposals to increase the adoption of shared amenities with guidance to ensure lifetime maintenance.
As the noble Baroness has raised the current situation on the ground in Kent and parts of Sussex, I want to make it clear that restoring supply must be the company’s priority and every possible measure must be taken to protect vulnerable customers and ensure that those affected receive decent and proper compensation. To that extent, Defra Ministers are meeting daily with the chief executive of the water company and local MPs to reinforce the fact that this level of service failure cannot continue.
Baroness Grender (LD)
My Lords, given the commitment from the Minister, the noble Baroness, Lady Taylor, on 20 November to publish a White Paper by the end of last year, does the Minister now regret the assurances given to those of us who pressed for urgent legislation to protect chalk streams—protections abandoned at the time by the Conservatives? What assurances can he now give that these vital measures will be delivered without further delay?
Lord Katz (Lab)
When we are delivering a once-in-a-generation reset of a system that has not been touched in, frankly, decades—in the last 14 years of the last Government—it is important that we make sure that we get the reforms right. If that means that there is a delay in publishing the White Paper, it is better to make sure that we measure twice and cut once. It is important that we provide certainty to customers, the industry, regulators and, indeed, investors in making that delay. That does not mean that we have not been doing anything. There has been constant dialogue with key stakeholders, including companies and investors, throughout the development of the White Paper. Obviously, we have also already legislated through the Water (Special Measures) Act to make sure that we a have a really strong regulatory regime. It has already seen over £4 million in bonuses to company executives banned by Ofwat in six out of the nine water companies. So, it is not as if action has not been taken.
Small Farms
Debate between Baroness Grender and Lord Katz
Lord Katz (Lab)
Of course, the Government share concern when any farming business closes, which is why we are backing farmers to be more profitable and unlocking the full potential of the rural economy, making sure there is business stability and clarity so that they can invest with confidence. That is why we very much welcome the work that the noble Baroness, Lady Batters, did on profitability. We will align that with other strategies, such as the land use strategy, as we unveil this once-in-a-generation farming road map that should cover the next 25 years of agriculture. It is important to understand that over half of England’s farmland, more than 50,000 farm businesses, are already benefiting from our investment in environmental land management schemes, not just SFI but the Countryside Stewardship and landscape recovery schemes. It is important that we get the balance right between restoring nature and having productive farming.
Baroness Grender (LD)
My Lords, will the Minister share with the House any analysis in advance of last week’s Budget to explain how the Government reached the conclusion that freezing income tax thresholds and raising the national living wage and national insurance costs, with only a modest tweak to inheritance tax, will avoid further existential threats to the viability of so many small family farms? If the Minister has that analysis, will he be willing to publish it?
Lord Katz (Lab)
I thank the noble Baroness for that question. To be clear, I do not know whether the Treasury has done precisely that analysis, but I can say that at the Budget last week, the Chancellor announced that any unused allowance for the 100% rate of agricultural property relief and business property relief will be transferable between spouses and civil partners from 6 April next year. We have taken this action after listening to feedback from many stakeholders who called strongly for the change to planned reforms to reduce complexity and remove an unfairness for widows and widowers. This change will double the tax-free allowance for agricultural business property available to estates of those widowed before 6 April 2026. It is worth pointing out that almost three-quarters of estates claiming agricultural property relief, including those that also claim business property relief, are not expected to pay more tax as a result of the changes in 2026-27, based on the latest available data.
Water Companies: Private Ownership
Debate between Baroness Grender and Lord Katz
Lord Katz (Lab)
The Government have indeed published our analysis of the cost of renationalising the water sector, which I believe is what my noble friend is getting at. Our analysis is that—on the basis of regulated capital value, which takes into account not just equity but debt—it would cost at least £100 billion to renationalise the water industry. We are not going to unpick the current ownership model, during which time underinvestment and sewage pollution would only get worse. We believe that the answer is better regulation. We have introduced the Water (Special Measures) Act, which has already hit bonuses for 10 water executives and toughened the rules so that bosses face up to two years in prison for covering up sewage spills. Following the Cunliffe review this year, we are taking forward a number of reforms to the sector, chiefly the creation of a powerful new water regulator.
Baroness Grender (LD)
My Lords, does the Minister regret that average household water bills will rise by £123 a year from this April? Given that so many families already spend more than 3% of their income on water, what can be done to reverse years of shareholder and executive bonuses without improved services and genuine reinvestment? Why is it that customers even now, even after the Cunliffe review, are still having to bear the cost of historic underinvestment?
English Marine Protected Areas: Bottom Trawling and Dredging
Debate between Baroness Grender and Lord Katz
Baroness Grender (LD)
My Lords, while extending the ban on destructive bottom trawling is very welcome indeed, can I ask whether the Government considered a full ban, given the urgency expressed in the Labour Party manifesto on this issue? While the noble Baroness, Lady Sugg, has asked for a timetable—I think it is reasonable to get some sense of a timetable—can I ask how a timetable will take place for comprehensive protection? Can the Minister outline to us how enforcement will prevent exemptions or delays and ensure that our MPAs are genuinely safeguarded as marine biodiversity?
Lord Katz (Lab)
At the risk of repeating myself, we are not undertaking a blanket ban, because it is important that we can support fishing and other marine activity where it is not damaging marine ecosystems. One of the reasons that we are having the consultation is to understand the detail of it, but there are some MPAs that are not about fishing activity but other protection. We are looking in a proactive way to understand how best to protect water column activity, for instance, as well as to ensure that our seabeds are protected. I will not be drawn any further on the timetable, but we are clear about the importance of proceeding at pace while taking the fishing industry, marine conservation organisations and the wider community along with us. The Wildlife Trusts called the Secretary of State’s announcement the other day a “great step forward”. Oceana UK said it was a
“golden opportunity to safeguard these vital marine sanctuaries”,
and, frankly, I agree with them.