Choke chains were originally designed to train by inflicting pain or discomfort; they are the product of past times in which the knowledge of the cruelty and damage of punitive dog training simply wasn’t known by the general public.
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Shock collars, too, can cause pain and damage to dogs, both mental and physical.
There are concerns that choke chains can cause damage to the ocular blood vessels, tracheal and oesophageal damage, fainting and laryngeal nerve paralysis. I know we need to train dogs, and that pulling is a common behaviour problem for dogs that needs to be fixed, but there are more humane and safer ways to do this, such as the haltis and no-pull harnesses.
Shock collars are nasty and can cause injuries such as burns and cardiac fibrillation. Even if on low, they can sometimes still hurt.