An individual should be required to have at least a relevant level 6 qualification to call themselves a career advisor or consultant. This means they must have an undergraduate degree or equivalent in the topic.
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This requires the study of theories/models such as motivational interviewing, counselling, and social work theories, to name a few, before they can work in education institutions. This would help to demonstrate and protect the importance and specific skills that enable professionals to give advice. Many organisations employ coaches/teachers to take the role, but it isn’t always impartial advice. Careers Guidance is a hot topic right now, for many reasons, including supporting learners to close the employment gaps, and changes to education in maths.