Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what estimate his Department has made of the number of people in England who have a natural immunity to covid-19; and what evidence he has on whether that immunity is not compromised by vaccinations against influenza.

Currently there is insufficient evidence to establish the number of people in England who may have a natural immunity to COVID-19 and therefore the impact of the flu vaccination. The Government is considering the advice of leading academics and research from around the world to better understand immunity. A series of studies in the United Kingdom, some of which are among the largest in the world, will help us to better understand the body’s immune response and aim to determine the limits of natural immunity.