Question to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy:

To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, how much the UK has invested in research and development as a percentage of GDP in each year since 2010.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) provides annual estimates of Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the UK. This is the preferred measure of R&D activity by international standards, as defined in the Frascati Manual 2015 (see: http://www.oecd.org/publications/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm). The latest data covers the period 2010 to 2015, this shows that GERD as a percentage of GDP has increased from 1.64% in 2010, to 1.68% in 2015. Further information can be found here: https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/governmentexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment