Question to the Department for Transport:

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, with reference to obligations under Regulation (EU) 2018/858, how many vehicles have (a) been recalled for reasons related to emission levels and (b) had emissions-related fixes applied to them, in each year since 2015.

The DVSA Market Surveillance Unit (MSU) conducts an annual emissions-testing programme to test vehicle emissions in the real world. Where MSU testing identifies non-compliant emissions, including suspicions of a prohibited defeat device, DVSA works with the manufacturer to implement improvement plans.

The results of the MSU annual emissions-testing programme are made publicly available at https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/dvsa-vehicle-market-surveillance-unit.

Since 2015, there have been 134 manufacturer recalls or non-code actions involving a total of 1.85 million vehicles to amend or upgrade emissions systems. Not all action will have been to address non-compliance. A breakdown of the models by year is as follows: