Data on the prevalence of misuse of nitrous oxide is published by the Office for National Statistics, through the Crime Survey for England and Wales. In the year ending March 2025, 0.5% of 16- to 59-year-olds in England and Wales reported using nitrous oxide in the last year. This is the lowest proportion of nitrous oxide users reported in the Crime Survey for England and Wales and the reported proportion of users has reduced each year since the substance became a Class C drug. Data is available here: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/drugmisuseinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2025 There is no data available on the sale of nitrous oxide. The availably of the requested enforcement data relating to the unlawful possession, supply or production of nitrous oxide is detailed below: (a) The Home Office collects and publishes data on arrests in England and Wales as part of the ‘Police Powers and Procedures’ statistical series, available here: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/stop-and-search-arrests-and-mental-health-detentions-march-2025. However, the data on arrests is collected by Home Office Crime Recording offence group only, for example ‘Drug Offences’. Data on arrests specifically for unlawful possession, supply or production of nitrous oxide is not available. (b and c) The Home Office will publish granular data on police recorded drug offences and their investigative outcomes including charges and cautions for unlawful possession, supply or production of nitrous oxide offences on the 23^rd of July 2026. This will be available by police force area. (d) The Ministry of Justice publishes convictions data, available here: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/criminal-justice-statistics-quarterly-december-2025. The ‘All-Offences prosecutions and convictions: December 2025’ tables include all convictions by police force area for unlawful possession, supply or production of nitrous oxide. Since nitrous oxide became a Class C drug, there have been 820 convictions, with 763 of these being for possession.