Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government what proportion of the (1) gross, and (2) net, migration figures for 2022 were foreign students.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.
Please see the letter attached from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority.
The Rt Hon. the Lord Tyrie
House of Lords
London
SW1A 0PW
24 January 2024
Dear Lord Tyrie,
As National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, I am responding to your Parliamentary Questions asking what proportion of the (1) gross, and (2) net, migration figures for 2022 were foreign students (HL1764); and what proportion of the (1) gross, and (2) net, migration figures for 2022 were dependents of foreign students (HL1765).
Your questions can be answered by using data published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). These data can be found in our year ending June 2023 edition of our Long-term international immigration, emigration and net migration flows, provisional dataset [1]. This includes data up to June 2023. Specifically, for long term migration [2] by reason, including study visas, please see table 3 of the aforementioned dataset. Please note that the estimates within the dataset are still provisional.
For the year ending December 2022, estimates for both students and dependants are available for non-EU migrants. We do not currently have comparable figures for EU and British nationals.
For the year ending December 2022, total immigration was 1,234,000, of which 1,030,000 were non-EU migrants.
For the year ending December 2022, 315,000 students immigrated long-term, 31% of all non-EU migrants. In addition, 93,000 student dependants immigrated long-term, 9% of all non-EU migrants.
For the year ending December 2022, total emigration of all nationalities was 489,000 and emigration of non-EU migrants was 157,000.
72,000 were non-EU migrants who initially arrived on a study visa leaving (46% of all non-EU emigrants) and a further 12,000 were non-EU migrants who initially arrived on a study dependant visa leaving (8%).
To calculate net migration for students and their dependents, we take the number of individuals who emigrated – who initially arrived in the UK on a study visa (or study-dependant visa) – away from the number of individuals who immigrated on a study visa (or study-dependant visa).
This comes with some caveats. It compares immigration to emigration within the same period, so the migrants counted are a summary of both past and current behaviours at a fixed point in time. Individuals counted as an emigrant in this method could have transitioned to a different visa type during their time in the UK. This means that this measure could present a distorted view of the true causes for migration, for example where someone studies and then works.
For the year ending December 2022, net migration of non-EU migrants was 873,000. 243,000 was net migration for study visas, 28% of all non-EU net migration and 82,000 were study dependants, 9% of all non-EU net migration.
Figures used to answer your questions in this response have been included in Table 1.
Table 1: Immigration, Emigration and Net Migration for year ending December 2022
Year ending Dec 2022 | All nationalities | All Non-EU migrants | Non-EU Students | Non-EU Student dependants |
Immigration | 1,234,000 | 1,030,000 | 315,000 | 93,000 |
Emigration | 489,000 | 157,000 | 72,000 | 12,000 |
Net migration | 745,000 | 873,000 | 243,000 | 82,000 |
The most up to date information is from year ending December 2023. This has been provided in Table 2 in case helpful.
Table 2: Immigration, Emigration and Net Migration for year ending June 2023
Year ending June 2023 | All nationalities | All Non-EU migrants | Non-EU Students | Non-EU Student dependants |
Immigration | 1,180,000 | 968,000 | 282,000 | 96,000 |
Emigration | 508,000 | 200,000 | 88,000 | 27,000 |
Net migration | 672,000 | 768,000 | 194,000 | 69,000 |
Because of the increases seen in the immigration of students in the recent time periods, we would expect emigration to continue to rise as those students come to the end of their studies. However, research in our Reason for international migration, international students update: November 2023 article [3] suggests that more recent cohorts of students are staying in the UK for longer. We will continue to monitor this trend to see how it evolves over time.
When accessing any of our files, you may find it helpful to read the 'notes, terms and conditions' contained within them.
Yours sincerely,
Professor Sir Ian Diamond
[2] We continue to use the UN definition of a long-term migrant: a person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for at least a year. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingjune2022#glossary
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government what proportion of the (1) gross, and (2) net, migration figures for 2022 were dependents of foreign students.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.
Please see the letter attached from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority.
The Rt Hon. the Lord Tyrie
House of Lords
London
SW1A 0PW
24 January 2024
Dear Lord Tyrie,
As National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, I am responding to your Parliamentary Questions asking what proportion of the (1) gross, and (2) net, migration figures for 2022 were foreign students (HL1764); and what proportion of the (1) gross, and (2) net, migration figures for 2022 were dependents of foreign students (HL1765).
Your questions can be answered by using data published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). These data can be found in our year ending June 2023 edition of our Long-term international immigration, emigration and net migration flows, provisional dataset [1]. This includes data up to June 2023. Specifically, for long term migration [2] by reason, including study visas, please see table 3 of the aforementioned dataset. Please note that the estimates within the dataset are still provisional.
For the year ending December 2022, estimates for both students and dependants are available for non-EU migrants. We do not currently have comparable figures for EU and British nationals.
For the year ending December 2022, total immigration was 1,234,000, of which 1,030,000 were non-EU migrants.
For the year ending December 2022, 315,000 students immigrated long-term, 31% of all non-EU migrants. In addition, 93,000 student dependants immigrated long-term, 9% of all non-EU migrants.
For the year ending December 2022, total emigration of all nationalities was 489,000 and emigration of non-EU migrants was 157,000.
72,000 were non-EU migrants who initially arrived on a study visa leaving (46% of all non-EU emigrants) and a further 12,000 were non-EU migrants who initially arrived on a study dependant visa leaving (8%).
To calculate net migration for students and their dependents, we take the number of individuals who emigrated – who initially arrived in the UK on a study visa (or study-dependant visa) – away from the number of individuals who immigrated on a study visa (or study-dependant visa).
This comes with some caveats. It compares immigration to emigration within the same period, so the migrants counted are a summary of both past and current behaviours at a fixed point in time. Individuals counted as an emigrant in this method could have transitioned to a different visa type during their time in the UK. This means that this measure could present a distorted view of the true causes for migration, for example where someone studies and then works.
For the year ending December 2022, net migration of non-EU migrants was 873,000. 243,000 was net migration for study visas, 28% of all non-EU net migration and 82,000 were study dependants, 9% of all non-EU net migration.
Figures used to answer your questions in this response have been included in Table 1.
Table 1: Immigration, Emigration and Net Migration for year ending December 2022
Year ending Dec 2022 | All nationalities | All Non-EU migrants | Non-EU Students | Non-EU Student dependants |
Immigration | 1,234,000 | 1,030,000 | 315,000 | 93,000 |
Emigration | 489,000 | 157,000 | 72,000 | 12,000 |
Net migration | 745,000 | 873,000 | 243,000 | 82,000 |
The most up to date information is from year ending December 2023. This has been provided in Table 2 in case helpful.
Table 2: Immigration, Emigration and Net Migration for year ending June 2023
Year ending June 2023 | All nationalities | All Non-EU migrants | Non-EU Students | Non-EU Student dependants |
Immigration | 1,180,000 | 968,000 | 282,000 | 96,000 |
Emigration | 508,000 | 200,000 | 88,000 | 27,000 |
Net migration | 672,000 | 768,000 | 194,000 | 69,000 |
Because of the increases seen in the immigration of students in the recent time periods, we would expect emigration to continue to rise as those students come to the end of their studies. However, research in our Reason for international migration, international students update: November 2023 article [3] suggests that more recent cohorts of students are staying in the UK for longer. We will continue to monitor this trend to see how it evolves over time.
When accessing any of our files, you may find it helpful to read the 'notes, terms and conditions' contained within them.
Yours sincerely,
Professor Sir Ian Diamond
[2] We continue to use the UN definition of a long-term migrant: a person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for at least a year. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/yearendingjune2022#glossary
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government what protection is afforded by the relevant agencies to those disclosing information to the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament under whistleblowing arrangements as recommended by the Committee's Annual Report 2018–2019.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
It is vital for trust and integrity within the security and intelligence services that all employees are able to report wrongdoing and to do so in confidence.
There are appropriate policies in place should members of staff in the relevant services wish to report their concerns and a number of internal and external routes available for whistle-blowing, one of which is through the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, but all of which the Government considers to be safe and effective.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government whether they have any plans to place the Fulford Principles relating to the detention and interviewing of detainees overseas on a statutory basis.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
The Government has no plans to place The Principles on a statutory basis.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have to refer the case of Jagtar Singh Johal to the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, under the provisions of the Justice and Security Act 2013.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
His Majesty’s Government has no plans to refer the case of Jagtar Singh Johal to the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament.
Under section 2(3)(b) of the Justice and Security Act 2013, the Prime Minister may ask the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament to consider a matter outside of the Committee’s self-determined work plan, provided that the consideration of the matter is consistent with any principles set out in, or with any other provision made by, the agreed Memorandum of Understanding, as per section 2(4) of the Act. One such principle in the MoU is that careful consideration must be given to whether it is appropriate to investigate a matter which relates to criminal or civil legal proceedings, inquiries, or inquest proceedings.
As the subject of ongoing legal proceedings, it would not be appropriate to comment on the allegations brought against His Majesty's Government by Mr Johal. However, His Majesty's Government has consistently raised concerns about Mr Johal’s case in India with all levels of the Indian Government. Ministers and officials have together raised Mr Johal’s detention on over 100 occasions since 2017, and they will continue to do so.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government what consideration they have given, if any, to reforming the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
His Majesty’s Government welcomes the independent and robust oversight of the UK Intelligence Community that the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament provides.
The role and remit of the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament is set out in the Justice and Security Act 2013 and accompanying Memorandum of Understanding agreed between the Committee and the Prime Minister. The Government considers the current arrangements set out in the Act and related MOU sufficient to enable the Committee to discharge its statutory function in respect of the oversight of the Security and Intelligence Agencies and the wider Intelligence Community.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government what formal discussions they have had with (1) the Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, and (2) the Committee as a whole, since June 2016.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
His Majesty's Government regularly engages with the Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, and with the Committee as a whole. Details of formal interactions with the Government are published in the Committee's Annual Reports, which are publicly available on the Committee's website.
The Government values the work of the Committee, and understands the importance of regular engagement as part of an effective oversight relationship.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask Her Majesty's Government whether, prior to the triggering of Article 16 of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, they would provide an opportunity for that action to be debated in Parliament; and whether any such debate would be on a divisible motion.
Answered by Lord Frost
The UK Government has always been clear that we would prefer to settle these issues consensually and reach a positive outcome with the EU through negotiations.
However, if a negotiated outcome cannot be found, Article 16 remains a legitimate provision within the Protocol to safeguard peace and prosperity in Northern Ireland and to support the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement.
In such circumstances, we will, of course, set out our justification for using Article 16 and its legal basis at an appropriate time. The Government remains committed to keeping Parliament updated on the UK-EU relationship and to providing legal certainty and clarity for Northern Ireland.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask Her Majesty's Government what consideration they have given to requiring all political parties represented in the House of Commons to publish party membership numbers.
Answered by Lord True - Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Privy Seal
This is a matter for individual political parties.
Asked by: Lord Tyrie (Non-affiliated - Life peer)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask Her Majesty's Government what consideration they have given to recomending Alastair Cook for knighthood.
Answered by Lord Young of Cookham
The Government does not comment on individual honours nominations. Due to the confidential nature of the honours system, discretion regarding individual cases is considered important to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of the honours system.
Nominations are considered by one of ten independent Honours Committees before recommendations are made to Her Majesty The Queen.