Lord Bradley: Written Answers (369)

Written Question

Prisoners: Crime

Monday 21st November 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask His Majesty's Government how many (1) males, and (2) females, aged (a) 15 to 17, (b) 18 to 20, (c) 21 to 24, (d) 25 to 29, (e) 30 to 39, (f) 40 to 49, (g) 50 to 59, (h) 60 to 69, (i) 70 to 79, and (j) 80 and older, are currently in prison, broken down by offence category.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

Please find the requested information in the attached data tables.

Written Question

Prisoners: Older People

Monday 21st November 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask His Majesty's Government how many people currently in prison aged 80 or older are serving a sentence they originally received when aged (1) 15 to 17, (2) 18 to 20, (3) 21 to 24, (4) 25 to 29, (5) 30 to 39, (6) 40 to 49, (7) 50 to 59, (8) 60 to 69, and (9) 70 and older.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

Please find the requested information in the attached data tables.

Written Question

Prisons: Rehabilitation

Monday 21st November 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the finding in the HM Inspectorate and Probation report Offender Management in Custody, published on 2 November, that only 25 per cent of keywork sessions were delivered against the prescribed model in May, what is the current rate of the delivery of keywork sessions in each of the prisons where staff have been authorised to carry PAVA spray.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) has been rolling out PAVA incapacitant spray to all band 3-5 staff in the adult closed male estate and this is still under way. Staff require appropriate training to use PAVA and only prisons that have implemented the key work scheme – which is vital in building relationships between offenders and staff – will receive it.

The figures for delivery of key work quoted in the joint inspection report are the latest currently available.

Key work remains a priority for HMPPS, however, and has an important role in supporting improvements to prisons safety, reducing the risk of harm and re-offending and promoting community reintegration.

Written Question

Prison Sentences

Wednesday 27th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government how many people received an Extended Determinate Sentence with a custodial period of 10 years or more in each year since 2012, by ethnicity.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

The data requested is provided in the attached tables.

The Ministry of Justice publishes information on Extended Determinate Sentences and custodial sentence length, by ethnicity, in England and Wales, for the years 2017 to 2021 available in the Outcomes by Offence data tool (MS Excel Spreadsheet, 21 MB).

Written Question

Prison Sentences: Ethnic Groups

Tuesday 26th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government how many people were serving an Imprisonment for Public Protection sentence with a tariff of 10 years or more in each year, by ethnicity.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

By law, prisoners serving life and other indeterminate sentences must complete their tariff in custody and thereafter be released only when the Parole Board concludes that it is no longer necessary for the protection of the public for them to remain confined to custody. The Government is committed to supporting prisoners to reduce their risk and so progress towards safe release, but the priority is always to protect the public.

HL1672

The following table shows the (1) lower quartile, (2) median, (3) upper quartile, and (4) interquartile range, of tariff lengths in years for prisoners who received a life sentence in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2002	4	9	13	9
2003	4	9	13	9
2004	5	11	14	9
2005	5	11	15	10
2006	7	12	18	11
2007	10	13	17	7
2008	11	14	20	9
2009	12	15	19	7
2010	13	17	22	9
2011	14	17	21	7
2012	14	18	24	10
2013	13	17	23	10
2014	11	17	23	12
2015	11	17	23	12
2016	12	17	22	10
2017	10	17	22	12
2018	13	18	23	10
2019	14	18	23	9
2020	14	19	24	10
2021	15	19	24	9

HL1673

The following table shows the (1) lower quartile, (2) median, (3) upper quartile, and (4) interquartile range, of the number of months spent in custody by life sentence prisoners who were released in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	133	170	240	107
2011	119	157	213	94
2012	129	166	240	111
2013	136	174	243	107
2014	135	171	236	101
2015	144	176	224	81
2016	149	177	229	80
2017	151	180	247	96
2018	158	191	235	77
2019	172	200	268	96
2020	164	191	240	76
2021	165	205	263	98

Notes for above figures: Months spent in custody is calculated from date of sentence to release date. It does not take into consideration time spent in custody before sentence.

HL1674

The following table shows the (1) lower quartile, (2) median, (3) upper quartile, and (4) interquartile range, of the age of prisoners serving a life sentence at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	37	45	53	16
2011	34	42	50	16
2012	38	45	53	15
2013	38	46	55	17
2014	39	47	54	15
2015	38	46	54	16
2016	40	47	54	14
2017	39	47	56	17
2018	40	49	57	17
2019	42	51	58	16
2020	39	48	57	18
2021	39	49	57	18

Notes for above figures: Age at time of release does not reflect how long the offender had been in custody.

HL1675

The following table shows the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Average	Median
2010	67	47
2011	69	51
2012	81	60
2013	80	66
2014	83	65
2015	76	64
2016	79	63
2017	81	55
2018	90	69
2019	96	83
2020	79	44
2021	83	46

HL1676

The following table shows the proportion of prisoners serving a life sentence who were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

	Knockback	Open	Release
Hearing Start Year	%	%	%
2010	28	44	28
2011	31	37	32
2012	18	39	43
2013	17	38	45
2014	26	28	47
2015	35	20	44
2016	36	20	44
2017	25	27	47
2018	32	22	46
2019	37	18	45
2020	28	19	52
2021	38	19	43

HL1677

The following table shows the number of 'unreleased IPP prisoners with a tariff length of 10 years or more, by ethnicity group, as at 30 June 2015 to 30 June 2021.

	30/06/15	30/06/16	30/06/17	30/06/18	30/06/19	30/06/20	30/06/21
Total	94	92	90	87	89	84	76
Asian/ Asian British	6	6	5	5	5	6	6
Black/ African/ Caribbean/ Black British	26	26	25	25	26	26	22
Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups	5	5	5	5	5	4	3
White	57	55	55	52	53	48	45

Notes for above figures: Figures exclude prisoners recalled from an IPP sentence

Notes for all figures in the above tables:

Due to rounding, the interquartile range may not equal the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Tariff length is the time between date of sentence and tariff expiry date.

Figures do not include whole-life orders.

Numbers are subject to revision as more data become available.

The figures in these tables have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing. Data has been supplied for as many of the requested years as it is possible to provide within cost limits; earlier years may not be available due to changes in recording over time.

Written Question

Life Imprisonment

Tuesday 26th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government what proportion of people serving a life sentence were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

HL1672

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2002	4	9	13	9
2003	4	9	13	9
2004	5	11	14	9
2005	5	11	15	10
2006	7	12	18	11
2007	10	13	17	7
2008	11	14	20	9
2009	12	15	19	7
2010	13	17	22	9
2011	14	17	21	7
2012	14	18	24	10
2013	13	17	23	10
2014	11	17	23	12
2015	11	17	23	12
2016	12	17	22	10
2017	10	17	22	12
2018	13	18	23	10
2019	14	18	23	9
2020	14	19	24	10
2021	15	19	24	9

HL1673

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	133	170	240	107
2011	119	157	213	94
2012	129	166	240	111
2013	136	174	243	107
2014	135	171	236	101
2015	144	176	224	81
2016	149	177	229	80
2017	151	180	247	96
2018	158	191	235	77
2019	172	200	268	96
2020	164	191	240	76
2021	165	205	263	98

Notes for above figures: Months spent in custody is calculated from date of sentence to release date. It does not take into consideration time spent in custody before sentence.

HL1674

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	37	45	53	16
2011	34	42	50	16
2012	38	45	53	15
2013	38	46	55	17
2014	39	47	54	15
2015	38	46	54	16
2016	40	47	54	14
2017	39	47	56	17
2018	40	49	57	17
2019	42	51	58	16
2020	39	48	57	18
2021	39	49	57	18

Notes for above figures: Age at time of release does not reflect how long the offender had been in custody.

HL1675

The following table shows the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Average	Median
2010	67	47
2011	69	51
2012	81	60
2013	80	66
2014	83	65
2015	76	64
2016	79	63
2017	81	55
2018	90	69
2019	96	83
2020	79	44
2021	83	46

HL1676

The following table shows the proportion of prisoners serving a life sentence who were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

	Knockback	Open	Release
Hearing Start Year	%	%	%
2010	28	44	28
2011	31	37	32
2012	18	39	43
2013	17	38	45
2014	26	28	47
2015	35	20	44
2016	36	20	44
2017	25	27	47
2018	32	22	46
2019	37	18	45
2020	28	19	52
2021	38	19	43

HL1677

The following table shows the number of 'unreleased IPP prisoners with a tariff length of 10 years or more, by ethnicity group, as at 30 June 2015 to 30 June 2021.

	30/06/15	30/06/16	30/06/17	30/06/18	30/06/19	30/06/20	30/06/21
Total	94	92	90	87	89	84	76
Asian/ Asian British	6	6	5	5	5	6	6
Black/ African/ Caribbean/ Black British	26	26	25	25	26	26	22
Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups	5	5	5	5	5	4	3
White	57	55	55	52	53	48	45

Notes for above figures: Figures exclude prisoners recalled from an IPP sentence

Notes for all figures in the above tables:

Due to rounding, the interquartile range may not equal the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Tariff length is the time between date of sentence and tariff expiry date.

Figures do not include whole-life orders.

Numbers are subject to revision as more data become available.

The figures in these tables have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing. Data has been supplied for as many of the requested years as it is possible to provide within cost limits; earlier years may not be available due to changes in recording over time.

Written Question

Life Imprisonment

Tuesday 26th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government what was the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

HL1672

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2002	4	9	13	9
2003	4	9	13	9
2004	5	11	14	9
2005	5	11	15	10
2006	7	12	18	11
2007	10	13	17	7
2008	11	14	20	9
2009	12	15	19	7
2010	13	17	22	9
2011	14	17	21	7
2012	14	18	24	10
2013	13	17	23	10
2014	11	17	23	12
2015	11	17	23	12
2016	12	17	22	10
2017	10	17	22	12
2018	13	18	23	10
2019	14	18	23	9
2020	14	19	24	10
2021	15	19	24	9

HL1673

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	133	170	240	107
2011	119	157	213	94
2012	129	166	240	111
2013	136	174	243	107
2014	135	171	236	101
2015	144	176	224	81
2016	149	177	229	80
2017	151	180	247	96
2018	158	191	235	77
2019	172	200	268	96
2020	164	191	240	76
2021	165	205	263	98

Notes for above figures: Months spent in custody is calculated from date of sentence to release date. It does not take into consideration time spent in custody before sentence.

HL1674

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	37	45	53	16
2011	34	42	50	16
2012	38	45	53	15
2013	38	46	55	17
2014	39	47	54	15
2015	38	46	54	16
2016	40	47	54	14
2017	39	47	56	17
2018	40	49	57	17
2019	42	51	58	16
2020	39	48	57	18
2021	39	49	57	18

Notes for above figures: Age at time of release does not reflect how long the offender had been in custody.

HL1675

The following table shows the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Average	Median
2010	67	47
2011	69	51
2012	81	60
2013	80	66
2014	83	65
2015	76	64
2016	79	63
2017	81	55
2018	90	69
2019	96	83
2020	79	44
2021	83	46

HL1676

The following table shows the proportion of prisoners serving a life sentence who were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

	Knockback	Open	Release
Hearing Start Year	%	%	%
2010	28	44	28
2011	31	37	32
2012	18	39	43
2013	17	38	45
2014	26	28	47
2015	35	20	44
2016	36	20	44
2017	25	27	47
2018	32	22	46
2019	37	18	45
2020	28	19	52
2021	38	19	43

HL1677

The following table shows the number of 'unreleased IPP prisoners with a tariff length of 10 years or more, by ethnicity group, as at 30 June 2015 to 30 June 2021.

	30/06/15	30/06/16	30/06/17	30/06/18	30/06/19	30/06/20	30/06/21
Total	94	92	90	87	89	84	76
Asian/ Asian British	6	6	5	5	5	6	6
Black/ African/ Caribbean/ Black British	26	26	25	25	26	26	22
Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups	5	5	5	5	5	4	3
White	57	55	55	52	53	48	45

Notes for above figures: Figures exclude prisoners recalled from an IPP sentence

Notes for all figures in the above tables:

Due to rounding, the interquartile range may not equal the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Tariff length is the time between date of sentence and tariff expiry date.

Figures do not include whole-life orders.

Numbers are subject to revision as more data become available.

The figures in these tables have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing. Data has been supplied for as many of the requested years as it is possible to provide within cost limits; earlier years may not be available due to changes in recording over time.

Written Question

Life Imprisonment

Tuesday 26th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government what was the (1) lower quartile, (2) median, (3) upper quartile, and (4) interquartile range, of the age of people serving a life sentence at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

HL1672

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2002	4	9	13	9
2003	4	9	13	9
2004	5	11	14	9
2005	5	11	15	10
2006	7	12	18	11
2007	10	13	17	7
2008	11	14	20	9
2009	12	15	19	7
2010	13	17	22	9
2011	14	17	21	7
2012	14	18	24	10
2013	13	17	23	10
2014	11	17	23	12
2015	11	17	23	12
2016	12	17	22	10
2017	10	17	22	12
2018	13	18	23	10
2019	14	18	23	9
2020	14	19	24	10
2021	15	19	24	9

HL1673

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	133	170	240	107
2011	119	157	213	94
2012	129	166	240	111
2013	136	174	243	107
2014	135	171	236	101
2015	144	176	224	81
2016	149	177	229	80
2017	151	180	247	96
2018	158	191	235	77
2019	172	200	268	96
2020	164	191	240	76
2021	165	205	263	98

Notes for above figures: Months spent in custody is calculated from date of sentence to release date. It does not take into consideration time spent in custody before sentence.

HL1674

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	37	45	53	16
2011	34	42	50	16
2012	38	45	53	15
2013	38	46	55	17
2014	39	47	54	15
2015	38	46	54	16
2016	40	47	54	14
2017	39	47	56	17
2018	40	49	57	17
2019	42	51	58	16
2020	39	48	57	18
2021	39	49	57	18

Notes for above figures: Age at time of release does not reflect how long the offender had been in custody.

HL1675

The following table shows the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Average	Median
2010	67	47
2011	69	51
2012	81	60
2013	80	66
2014	83	65
2015	76	64
2016	79	63
2017	81	55
2018	90	69
2019	96	83
2020	79	44
2021	83	46

HL1676

The following table shows the proportion of prisoners serving a life sentence who were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

	Knockback	Open	Release
Hearing Start Year	%	%	%
2010	28	44	28
2011	31	37	32
2012	18	39	43
2013	17	38	45
2014	26	28	47
2015	35	20	44
2016	36	20	44
2017	25	27	47
2018	32	22	46
2019	37	18	45
2020	28	19	52
2021	38	19	43

HL1677

The following table shows the number of 'unreleased IPP prisoners with a tariff length of 10 years or more, by ethnicity group, as at 30 June 2015 to 30 June 2021.

	30/06/15	30/06/16	30/06/17	30/06/18	30/06/19	30/06/20	30/06/21
Total	94	92	90	87	89	84	76
Asian/ Asian British	6	6	5	5	5	6	6
Black/ African/ Caribbean/ Black British	26	26	25	25	26	26	22
Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups	5	5	5	5	5	4	3
White	57	55	55	52	53	48	45

Notes for above figures: Figures exclude prisoners recalled from an IPP sentence

Notes for all figures in the above tables:

Due to rounding, the interquartile range may not equal the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Tariff length is the time between date of sentence and tariff expiry date.

Figures do not include whole-life orders.

Numbers are subject to revision as more data become available.

The figures in these tables have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing. Data has been supplied for as many of the requested years as it is possible to provide within cost limits; earlier years may not be available due to changes in recording over time.

Written Question

Life Imprisonment

Tuesday 26th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government what was the (1) lower quartile, (2) median, (3) upper quartile, and (4) interquartile range, of the number of months spent in custody by life sentence prisoners who were released in each year since 2002.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

HL1672

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2002	4	9	13	9
2003	4	9	13	9
2004	5	11	14	9
2005	5	11	15	10
2006	7	12	18	11
2007	10	13	17	7
2008	11	14	20	9
2009	12	15	19	7
2010	13	17	22	9
2011	14	17	21	7
2012	14	18	24	10
2013	13	17	23	10
2014	11	17	23	12
2015	11	17	23	12
2016	12	17	22	10
2017	10	17	22	12
2018	13	18	23	10
2019	14	18	23	9
2020	14	19	24	10
2021	15	19	24	9

HL1673

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	133	170	240	107
2011	119	157	213	94
2012	129	166	240	111
2013	136	174	243	107
2014	135	171	236	101
2015	144	176	224	81
2016	149	177	229	80
2017	151	180	247	96
2018	158	191	235	77
2019	172	200	268	96
2020	164	191	240	76
2021	165	205	263	98

Notes for above figures: Months spent in custody is calculated from date of sentence to release date. It does not take into consideration time spent in custody before sentence.

HL1674

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	37	45	53	16
2011	34	42	50	16
2012	38	45	53	15
2013	38	46	55	17
2014	39	47	54	15
2015	38	46	54	16
2016	40	47	54	14
2017	39	47	56	17
2018	40	49	57	17
2019	42	51	58	16
2020	39	48	57	18
2021	39	49	57	18

Notes for above figures: Age at time of release does not reflect how long the offender had been in custody.

HL1675

The following table shows the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Average	Median
2010	67	47
2011	69	51
2012	81	60
2013	80	66
2014	83	65
2015	76	64
2016	79	63
2017	81	55
2018	90	69
2019	96	83
2020	79	44
2021	83	46

HL1676

The following table shows the proportion of prisoners serving a life sentence who were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

	Knockback	Open	Release
Hearing Start Year	%	%	%
2010	28	44	28
2011	31	37	32
2012	18	39	43
2013	17	38	45
2014	26	28	47
2015	35	20	44
2016	36	20	44
2017	25	27	47
2018	32	22	46
2019	37	18	45
2020	28	19	52
2021	38	19	43

HL1677

The following table shows the number of 'unreleased IPP prisoners with a tariff length of 10 years or more, by ethnicity group, as at 30 June 2015 to 30 June 2021.

	30/06/15	30/06/16	30/06/17	30/06/18	30/06/19	30/06/20	30/06/21
Total	94	92	90	87	89	84	76
Asian/ Asian British	6	6	5	5	5	6	6
Black/ African/ Caribbean/ Black British	26	26	25	25	26	26	22
Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups	5	5	5	5	5	4	3
White	57	55	55	52	53	48	45

Notes for above figures: Figures exclude prisoners recalled from an IPP sentence

Notes for all figures in the above tables:

Due to rounding, the interquartile range may not equal the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Tariff length is the time between date of sentence and tariff expiry date.

Figures do not include whole-life orders.

Numbers are subject to revision as more data become available.

The figures in these tables have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing. Data has been supplied for as many of the requested years as it is possible to provide within cost limits; earlier years may not be available due to changes in recording over time.

Written Question

Life Imprisonment

Tuesday 26th July 2022

Asked by: Lord Bradley (Labour - Life peer)

Question to the Ministry of Justice:

To ask Her Majesty's Government what was the (1) lower quartile, (2) median, (3) upper quartile, and (4) interquartile range, of tariff lengths for people who received a life sentence in each year since 2002.

Answered by Lord Bellamy - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Ministry of Justice)

HL1672

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2002	4	9	13	9
2003	4	9	13	9
2004	5	11	14	9
2005	5	11	15	10
2006	7	12	18	11
2007	10	13	17	7
2008	11	14	20	9
2009	12	15	19	7
2010	13	17	22	9
2011	14	17	21	7
2012	14	18	24	10
2013	13	17	23	10
2014	11	17	23	12
2015	11	17	23	12
2016	12	17	22	10
2017	10	17	22	12
2018	13	18	23	10
2019	14	18	23	9
2020	14	19	24	10
2021	15	19	24	9

HL1673

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	133	170	240	107
2011	119	157	213	94
2012	129	166	240	111
2013	136	174	243	107
2014	135	171	236	101
2015	144	176	224	81
2016	149	177	229	80
2017	151	180	247	96
2018	158	191	235	77
2019	172	200	268	96
2020	164	191	240	76
2021	165	205	263	98

Notes for above figures: Months spent in custody is calculated from date of sentence to release date. It does not take into consideration time spent in custody before sentence.

HL1674

Year of Sentence	Lower Quartile	Median	Upper Quartile	Interquartile Range
2010	37	45	53	16
2011	34	42	50	16
2012	38	45	53	15
2013	38	46	55	17
2014	39	47	54	15
2015	38	46	54	16
2016	40	47	54	14
2017	39	47	56	17
2018	40	49	57	17
2019	42	51	58	16
2020	39	48	57	18
2021	39	49	57	18

Notes for above figures: Age at time of release does not reflect how long the offender had been in custody.

HL1675

The following table shows the (1) mean, and (2) median, number of months spent in custody beyond tariff for life sentence prisoners at the point of release in each year since 2002.

Year of Sentence	Average	Median
2010	67	47
2011	69	51
2012	81	60
2013	80	66
2014	83	65
2015	76	64
2016	79	63
2017	81	55
2018	90	69
2019	96	83
2020	79	44
2021	83	46

HL1676

The following table shows the proportion of prisoners serving a life sentence who were released at their first Parole Board hearing in each year since 2002.

	Knockback	Open	Release
Hearing Start Year	%	%	%
2010	28	44	28
2011	31	37	32
2012	18	39	43
2013	17	38	45
2014	26	28	47
2015	35	20	44
2016	36	20	44
2017	25	27	47
2018	32	22	46
2019	37	18	45
2020	28	19	52
2021	38	19	43

HL1677

The following table shows the number of 'unreleased IPP prisoners with a tariff length of 10 years or more, by ethnicity group, as at 30 June 2015 to 30 June 2021.

	30/06/15	30/06/16	30/06/17	30/06/18	30/06/19	30/06/20	30/06/21
Total	94	92	90	87	89	84	76
Asian/ Asian British	6	6	5	5	5	6	6
Black/ African/ Caribbean/ Black British	26	26	25	25	26	26	22
Mixed/ Multiple ethnic groups	5	5	5	5	5	4	3
White	57	55	55	52	53	48	45

Notes for above figures: Figures exclude prisoners recalled from an IPP sentence

Notes for all figures in the above tables:

Due to rounding, the interquartile range may not equal the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Tariff length is the time between date of sentence and tariff expiry date.

Figures do not include whole-life orders.

Numbers are subject to revision as more data become available.

The figures in these tables have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing. Data has been supplied for as many of the requested years as it is possible to provide within cost limits; earlier years may not be available due to changes in recording over time.

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