Property (Digital Assets etc) Bill [HL]

Lord Anderson of Ipswich Excerpts

3rd reading
Thursday 8th May 2025 Lords Chamber

[The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Justice (Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede) (Lab)]

My Lords, it is a pleasure to speak to this Bill, which colleagues will know has undergone extensive scrutiny by the Special Public Bill Committee since its introduction in September. The Bill underscores our commitment to fostering innovation, both now and in the future. It supports our efforts to ensure that the jurisdictions of England and Wales, and of Northern Ireland, remain at the forefront of jurisdictions globally, providing a flexible legal framework for digital assets that can react to their dynamic nature and to technologies not yet imagined or created. By modernising the law of personal property, it will enable more efficient dispute resolution by removing the need for courts to discuss questions around categorisation. It will also attract international businesses to use these jurisdictions and promote economic growth.

I take this opportunity to thank those who have engaged with and supported the passage of the Bill, starting with the noble Lord, Lord Anderson of Ipswich, who chaired the Special Public Bill Committee. He expertly led us through some very nuanced and technical issues, and I also thank the committee’s clerk, Matthew Burton. That leads me on to thanking the other members of the committee, the noble Lords, Lord Bassam, Lord Cryer, Lord Shamash, Lord Sandhurst and Lord Holmes, the noble Viscount, Lord Stansgate, and, last but not least, the noble Lord, Lord Clement-Jones. I am certain that each has found the process as fascinating as I have, and I enjoyed playing a part in ensuring that our law continues to be fit for purpose in an increasingly technological world.

I give particular thanks to the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, who raised many interesting areas for the committee to consider and helped to ensure that the Bill passes through the House of Lords in its best possible form. I must also thank the Law Commission, which undertook two extensive consultations as part of its project on digital assets. In particular, I thank Laura Burgoyne and Chris Long, who did an excellent review that helped the Government make a fully informed decision to take the Bill forward. I also thank my private office—Melissa Leonard—and the Bill team: Bill manager Harry McNeill-Adams, Susannah Keogh, Alicia Love and Jonathan Fear. I am hugely grateful to all those who contributed to the evidence collected by the committee, both written and verbal, and ensured that the committee could fully assess the Bill and that the best possible version of it is going to the other place.

The result of these efforts is a simple but elegant Bill. It will support our efforts to remain a pre-eminent jurisdiction, with English and Welsh law and Northern Irish law being the global law of choice. It will signal that the UK is a leader in innovation and technology. It is important that the Bill passes into law as quickly as possible, so we can capitalise on this. We pass this Bill on in excellent condition, and I hope that it can complete its passage and become law as swiftly as possible. I beg to move.

[Lord Anderson of Ipswich (CB)]

My Lords, as the noble Viscount, Lord Stansgate, who is not in his place but currently on the Woolsack, said on Report, the two clauses of this Bill fully reflect neither the nearly 1,000 pages of learning that the Law Commission produced on the subject of digital assets, nor the almost equal volume of written and oral evidence received by the Special Public Bill Committee, variously approving the Law Commission’s approach and characterising the Bill as pointless or even dangerous. That the Committee, which I chaired, was able to consider these issues and debate them out with a degree of thoroughness in the Moses Room prior to a further debate, largely thanks to the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, on Report, is a tribute to our clerk, Matthew Burton, and all members of the committee—including not least the Minister—whose collective expertise was remarkable.

My only remaining concern is that, since the committee was entirely lacking in female members, it is entirely possible that we have succeeded in missing something obvious. The work of this House is now complete. I was delighted to hear just now that the Bill has been endorsed in Northern Ireland, and I wish it well on its onward journey.

[Lord Clement-Jones (LD)]

My Lords, first, I congratulate the Law Commission for its work on this Bill. The noble Lord, Lord Anderson, has mentioned the almost 1,000 pages of work from the Law Commission, its consultation paper, the final report, the supplemental report—no one accused the Law Commission of a lack of thoroughness as far as this two-clause Bill is concerned. Its purpose, as it said, was to ensure that the courts can respond sensitively to the complexity of emerging technology and apply the law to new fact patterns involving that technology. It also said:

“We conclude that the flexibility of common law allows for the recognition of a distinct category of personal property that can better recognise, accommodate and protect the unique features of certain digital assets (including crypto-tokens and cryptoassets). We recommend legislation to confirm the existence of this category and remove any uncertainty”.


As the noble Lord, Lord Anderson, has explained, we have thoroughly examined the resulting Bill under the Special Public Bill procedure, and it clearly fulfils that purpose, so I would like to thank our witnesses. I also thank the noble Lord, Lord Anderson, for his excellent chairing of the committee; our clerk, Matthew Burton; the Minister, of course; my fellow members for all their work on the Bill; and I agree with the Minister’s particular thanks to the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, for his stimulating and provocative input into our deliberations. But, as ever, there is more work to be done. The Law Commission recommended that the Government create a panel of industry experts who can provide guidance on technical and legal issues relating to digital assets, and I understand that the Ministry of Justice has asked the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce, an expert group chaired by the Master of the Rolls that produces non-binding guidance on areas of legal uncertainty, to take forward this work.

The Law Commission also made recommendations to provide market participants with legal tools that do not yet exist in England and Wales, let alone in Northern Ireland, such as new ways to take security over crypto tokens and tokenised securities. It recommended that this work be undertaken by a multidisciplinary project team. Whether the Minister can give us an update today, I do not know, but I very much hope that he will write to members of the committee, because that is unfinished business and it would be very useful to hear from the Minister about it.