Emma Little Pengelly

The 30 hours childcare schemes are a devolved matter and the Department for Education has a remit for the 30 hours entitlement for England. Questions about schemes in Scotland and Wales should be referred to the devolved administrations.

Employers in the early years sector are responsible for recruiting and setting the pay and conditions for their employees within the statutory requirements set by government (for example, national minimum wage).

We do not collect data on staff turnover, however wider data on workforce is included in the Provider Surveys:

https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-childcare-and-early-years.

The 30 hours childcare schemes are a devolved matter and the Department for Education has a remit for the 30 hours entitlement for England. Questions about schemes in Scotland and Wales should be referred to the devolved administrations.

The 30 hours childcare schemes are a devolved matter and the Department for Education has a remit for the 30 hours entitlement for England. Questions about schemes in Scotland and Wales should be referred to the devolved administrations.

It has not proved possible to respond to the hon. Member in the time available before Prorogation.

We want parents to have access to a range of affordable childcare, giving them increased flexibility in their working hours and helping children thrive in the crucial early years. That is why the department is investing £3.5 billion in our early education offers this year alone. The cost of 30 hours free childcare is set in table 1, attached. The total for 2017-18 is due to rounding.

The number of children that have benefitted from 30 hours free childcare in each year is set out in table 2, attached.

In total, around 600,000 children aged 3 and 4 years old benefitted from a 30 hours place throughout the first 2 years of delivery.

We do not hold data on estimates of the number of parents that have benefitted from the 30 hours entitlement in England.

We want parents to have access to a range of affordable childcare, giving them increased flexibility in their working hours and helping children thrive in the crucial early years. That is why the department is investing £3.5 billion in our early education offers this year alone. The cost of 30 hours free childcare is set in table 1, attached. The total for 2017-18 is due to rounding.

The number of children that have benefitted from 30 hours free childcare in each year is set out in table 2, attached.

In total, around 600,000 children aged 3 and 4 years old benefitted from a 30 hours place throughout the first 2 years of delivery.

We do not hold data on estimates of the number of parents that have benefitted from the 30 hours entitlement in England.

We want parents to have access to a range of affordable childcare, giving them increased flexibility in their working hours and helping children thrive in the crucial early years. That is why the department is investing £3.5 billion in our early education offers this year alone. The cost of 30 hours free childcare is set in table 1, attached. The total for 2017-18 is due to rounding.

The number of children that have benefitted from 30 hours free childcare in each year is set out in table 2, attached.

In total, around 600,000 children aged 3 and 4 years old benefitted from a 30 hours place throughout the first 2 years of delivery.

We do not hold data on estimates of the number of parents that have benefitted from the 30 hours entitlement in England.

We want parents to have access to a range of affordable childcare, giving them increased flexibility in their working hours and helping children thrive in the crucial early years. That is why the department is investing £3.5 billion in our early education offers this year alone. The cost of 30 hours free childcare is set in table 1, attached. The total for 2017-18 is due to rounding.

The number of children that have benefitted from 30 hours free childcare in each year is set out in table 2, attached.

In total, around 600,000 children aged 3 and 4 years old benefitted from a 30 hours place throughout the first 2 years of delivery.

We do not hold data on estimates of the number of parents that have benefitted from the 30 hours entitlement in England.

We want parents to have access to a range of affordable childcare, giving them increased flexibility in their working hours and helping children thrive in the crucial early years. That is why the department is investing £3.5 billion in our early education offers this year alone. The cost of 30 hours free childcare is set in table 1, attached. The total for 2017-18 is due to rounding.

The number of children that have benefitted from 30 hours free childcare in each year is set out in table 2, attached.

In total, around 600,000 children aged 3 and 4 years old benefitted from a 30 hours place throughout the first 2 years of delivery.

We do not hold data on estimates of the number of parents that have benefitted from the 30 hours entitlement in England.

The Department and Ofqual, the independent qualifications regulator, have recently received an outline proposal for a GCSE in British Sign Language from the awarding organisation Signature. The Department and Ofqual are separately considering the proposal against the requirements for subject content and assessment respectively, which apply to all GCSEs.

Figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in England are collected annually in the statutory school-level annual school census (SLASC). Figures from January 2017 by single year of age can be found in national table 1c of the statistical release ‘Schools, Pupils and their Characteristics’ available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-school-and-pupil-numbers.

As education is a devolved matter, statistics on schools are published separately by the four administrations. Therefore, figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales should be requested directly from the individual administrations.

Figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in England are collected annually in the statutory school-level annual school census (SLASC). Figures from January 2017 by single year of age can be found in national table 1c of the statistical release ‘Schools, Pupils and their Characteristics’ available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-school-and-pupil-numbers.

As education is a devolved matter, statistics on schools are published separately by the four administrations. Therefore, figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales should be requested directly from the individual administrations.

Figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in England are collected annually in the statutory school-level annual school census (SLASC). Figures from January 2017 by single year of age can be found in national table 1c of the statistical release ‘Schools, Pupils and their Characteristics’ available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-school-and-pupil-numbers.

As education is a devolved matter, statistics on schools are published separately by the four administrations. Therefore, figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales should be requested directly from the individual administrations.

Figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in England are collected annually in the statutory school-level annual school census (SLASC). Figures from January 2017 by single year of age can be found in national table 1c of the statistical release ‘Schools, Pupils and their Characteristics’ available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-school-and-pupil-numbers.

As education is a devolved matter, statistics on schools are published separately by the four administrations. Therefore, figures on the number of pupils in independent schools in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales should be requested directly from the individual administrations.

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The State Pension age is currently 64 for women and 65 for men.

The State Pension age is due to reach 67 for both genders by March 2028.

We do not have an estimate of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 61, 62, 63 or 64 from the 2017-18 tax year. This could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

In the longer-term we estimate that reducing the state pension age by one year compared to the legislated timetable might lead to an increase in expenditure on state pensions of around 0.3% of GDP.

The Department has published a number of documents that could be used to provide illustrative estimates of the costs of some changes for some time periods.

In terms of the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 60, the Department submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Select Committee in February 2016, producing an illustrative estimate of the costs of reversing the current legislated increases in women’s State Pension age until 2020/21 – i.e. keeping women’s State Pension age at 60 for women born in the 1950s. The illustrative estimate (illustrative as it was based on a number of high-level assumptions) indicated that it would cost £9.8 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) in the tax year 2017/18 were female state pension age to be 60 instead of the currently legislated state pension age in 2017/18, of between 63¾ and 64½. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 in 2020/21 would cost £14.3 billion (in 2015/16 price terms) compared to the legislated state pension age that year, of between 65¾ and 66. Keeping female State Pension age at 60 beyond 2020/21 would incur further costs.

In terms of an estimate for the state pension age of women being reduced to 65, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2011 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 65 to 66 by five and a half years from 2024-26 to complete by October 2020. For example, in 2023/24, when State Pension age will be 66 under the legislated timetable, compared to 65 under the previous timetable, expenditure on state pensions is expected to be £5.9 billion lower (in 2011/12 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 65 beyond 2026 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181462/pensions-bill-2011-ia-annexa.pdf

In terms of for the cost of the state pension age of women being reduced to 66, the impact assessment for the Pensions Act 2014 illustrates the estimated savings of bringing forward the rise in state pension age for both genders from 66 to 67 by eight years from 2034-36 to 2026-28. The Pensions Act 2014 was estimated to reduce expenditure on state pensions by £76.5 billion over the period 2026/27 to 2035/36 inclusive (in 2013/14 price terms). Keeping female State Pension age at 66 beyond 2036 would incur further costs. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310746/pensions-act-ia-annex-b-state-pension-age.pdf

The Government is in discussions with the devolved administration as they work with social care sector representatives to better understand the impact of these liabilities in Northern Ireland.

The Secretary of State receives representations on many issues, including regarding social care, but we have not identified any representations specifically relating to this issue.

The Secretary of State has an ongoing dialogue with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on many issues.

The cost of a pay increase depends on the size of the workforce and the mix of professions and experience levels. The National Health Service pay bill for 2016/17 was £46.8 billion.

The cost of a pay increase depends on the size of the workforce and the mix of professions and experience levels. The National Health Service pay bill for 2016/17 was £46.8 billion.

The cost of a pay increase depends on the size of the workforce and the mix of professions and experience levels. The National Health Service pay bill for 2016/17 was £46.8 billion.