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Andrew Pakes (Peterborough) (Lab/Co-op)
I beg to move,
That this House has considered the impact of public baths and lidos on local communities.
It is a pleasure to speak in a debate that I think should be called in Hansard, “For the Love of Lidos”. It is a delight to open this debate on the value of our public baths and lidos. It could not be timelier, as Peterborough lido is set to open for its 2026 season this coming weekend.
I am delighted to see so many colleagues. That shows the love of lidos in our communities, how important they are and how much interest they generate around the entire country—not just in my constituency. The UK stock of public outdoor pools represents deep cultural heritage, serving our communities for over a century and generating health, happiness and pride in our places.
Catherine West (Hornsey and Friern Barnet) (Lab)
My hon. Friend mentions community. Does he agree with me that pool users’ groups are crucial to keeping up standards in our ageing facilities? Would he also agree that we must target younger children so that they can swim lifelong in what is often very cold water, and that school swimming is crucial?
Andrew Pakes
I agree on both points. I will talk later about how I am blown away by the dedication of so many of the volunteers who have supported and built our lidos over a long period, and particularly during some very dark years in funding for some of them.
Nowhere is the happiness and pride that I have talked about greater than in Peterborough. Our art deco lido is a jewel in our city’s crown and, after a number of years on the down, it is now on the up. Two years ago the lido faced a bleak future because of the nature of local government funding cuts. Despite great enthusiasm from swimmers, it had seen better days. I am pleased to say that the council was forced to think again after more than 2,500 people got involved in the campaign to save our lido, and I am pleased to have played my part. Last year, the lido, with support from the council and residents, went on to have its best ever season.
Jim Shannon (Strangford) (DUP)
First of all, I apologise to the hon. Member because I had hoped to speak in this debate and give some thoughts from my constituency back home. However, I cannot because I have to chair an event at six o’clock, so I apologise for having to intervene and then leave after his speech.
In many communities, lidos are far more than just outdoor swimming pools; they are valued public assets that promote health, wellbeing and social cohesion. Yet without sustained support, the facilities remain vulnerable to closure due to financial pressures. Does the hon. Gentleman agree that their importance for public health, community wellbeing and access to affordable leisure is vital?
Andrew Pakes
The hon. Gentleman is absolutely right that lidos are critical to public health, but they need to be accessible and affordable for people from all parts of our communities. We need to build that as we go forward.
That links to my next point about the generations that built many of our lidos and the echoes of that today. Built in the lido boom of the 1920s and 1930s, Peterborough lido proudly celebrates its 90th anniversary this year.
Tom Rutland (East Worthing and Shoreham) (Lab)
Worthing lido recently celebrated its centenary. It is a symbol of our wonderful seaside town’s history, but it has been unloved for some time. I am delighted to be working with my hon. Friend the Member for Worthing West (Dr Cooper), Worthing’s Labour council and the local community to restore our lido to its former glory as a community space, and hopefully, in the long term, to build a tidal pool nearby. Does my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) agree that lidos should not just be a part of our past, but should offer an opportunity for a glorious future for our towns?
Andrew Pakes
I wholeheartedly endorse my hon. Friend’s comments. It is not just the fact of having a lido: it is about the community and volunteer spirit that builds around it, which adds something greater than just a pool.
Peterborough is a working city. The lido was built in an era of recession and global uncertainty and it represented an important investment in public health in our city. Today, on its 90th anniversary, we face similar shadows: a decade of austerity and cuts for public services and local government; a world facing anxiety; and families still worried about living costs. Since its opening in 1936, Peterborough lido has remained a constant feature in our city. It has withstood many changes: changes in management, bomb damage during world war two, multiple threats of closure and demolition, and, most recently, the covid pandemic.
Why does it matter? It matters because swimming and the public good go together. No only did we nearly lose our lido, but two years ago the Conservative council closed our only public indoor pool as well. We are now the only one of the top 10 fastest growing cities in the country without an indoor public pool. I am glad that the new Government have listened, and, thanks to the work that I helped lead, the Chancellor has provided £20 million through the growth mission fund so that we can now have both a majestic lido and a new indoor pool, which is being built.
Sam Rushworth (Bishop Auckland) (Lab)
I want to thank my hon. Friend for his speech that he is making and for bringing this matter to the Chamber. I am greatly enthused by what he has achieved because every time I visit Stanhope, I know that it is a great source of sorrow for people that our lido closed during covid and has never reopened. Likewise, if I am in Crook, the No. 1 thing that people raise with me is the loss of the swimming baths about 10 years ago. Those are two areas where I am working with people and hoping that we can bring those services back. This is something that my hon. Friend has achieved, thanks to the funding from the Labour Government. I would love to hear more from him about that and hear how he and his community have been successful in that campaign.
Andrew Pakes
Brilliant—I thank my hon. Friend for his intervention. The only correction I would make is that it was not my achievement. It was the achievement of the friends group, the campaigners in the council and its good officers, who have all worked together to rebuild our lido after a difficult period, learning from the successful campaigns in other places around the country.
At a time when prevention is the overriding health priority and physical activity is recognised as the key to lifelong health and wellbeing, these accessible and inclusive facilities have a vital and powerful role to play. Swimming remains one of the most popular activities in England. Each year, around 12.5 million adults go swimming, and over 4 million people enjoy swimming outdoors, including in lidos. I pay tribute to all those involved in promoting the benefits and enjoyment of swimming, including Swim England and Future Lidos, both of which have helped me to prepare for this debate.
I also pay tribute to the award-winning City of Peterborough swimming club, and to the swimmers, parents and volunteers who support it. There are no finer volunteers in our communities than the parents who give up their weekends and early mornings to help their children and other children to engage in the beauty of sport.
I could not make this speech without recognising the incredible role of Friends of Peterborough Lido. In particular, I pay tribute to the wonderful Clare Marshall, who this week stood down as chair after many successful years of shepherding the group. I know from speaking to many hon. Members and hon. Friends across the House that friends groups and volunteers are vital to saving our lidos and keeping them in rude health.
I welcome the Minister. We have a shared love of community sport and facilities. However, as the evidence suggests, this issue cuts across Departments and is not restricted to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, so I will put a couple of friendly questions to him.
What assurances can the Minister give the House that the Government understand how swimming is integrated across public health, DCMS, local government and a range of Departments? Can he reassure us that the Government, as a whole, understand the importance of these facilities? What role do lidos and swimming play in the Government’s commitment to grassroots sport and public leisure? And with a little cheek, I invite him, on his way home to his constituency, to join me for a dip at some point during the 90th anniversary of Peterborough lido. We will even supply him with a cuppa and a camera to record the moment for posterity.
Peterborough lido is not just a pool; it is part of both our heritage and our future. It is about the memories made and the memories still to come. It is one of our key leisure and visitor attractions. Its 90th anniversary is a city celebration, not just a pool celebration. Last year, I was privileged to help form Peterborough’s first ever tourist board and to serve as its inaugural chair for the first year. Peterborough brings together the art deco jewel of our lido with our cathedral, our museum, our green spaces—including the John Clare countryside and Nene Park—and our history in Flag Fen. I am also proud that Peterborough Museum will host a civic exhibition on the importance of our lido, with a documentary being recorded later in the year.
Our lido, like so many lidos, is in the heart of our community, which is where they should stay. For that to happen, we need to safeguard these assets for the long term. The public sphere has been much eroded over the last decade, but together we can rebuild it. Through community ownership and involvement, we can strengthen these bonds, which will become much easier with Government support.
Clive Efford (in the Chair)
I remind Members to remain standing to give us a chance to work out a time limit. It will be roughly four minutes, although I will not impose a strict limit.
Ms Julie Minns (Carlisle) (Lab)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairship this afternoon, Mr Efford. I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) for securing this excellent debate.
I begin by paying tribute to Kitty Wilkinson, the woman to whom we owe a debt of thanks for giving us modern public baths. In 1842, thanks to her determined advocacy, Liverpool opened the first combined public washhouse and baths in the United Kingdom since Roman times. Crucially, she inspired national interest and, just a few years later, Parliament passed the Baths and Washhouses Act 1846, which empowered local authorities across Britain to build public bathing and laundry facilities.
However, as we discuss the impact of public baths, we should remember that they were never conceived as leisure facilities, but as tools to improve the health of working people. Indeed, the 1846 Act does not mention swimming at all.
Carlisle’s public baths opened in 1884, funded by the proceeds of the municipal gasworks. However, the funds did not stretch to including Turkish baths, which had become popular—again, not as leisure facilities—thanks to the work of Richard Barter and David Urquhart, a doctor and a diplomat who extolled the therapeutic benefits of hot and cold treatments and drove the expansion of Turkish baths across the UK during the 19th century. Turkish baths catered for the working man, for it was men who were in the factories at the time. After a long shift in the mills and factories, they could be cleaned and cleansed, inside and out, by a Turkish bath.
Carlisle’s Turkish baths were finally added in 1909. Sadly, the relocation of the main swimming pools in 2022 forced the closure of not simply the Turkish baths, but a community facility used by a loyal group of regulars—Barry, Iain, David, Richard and Keith, to name but a few—who knew of the baths’ physical and mental health benefits.
On one visit just before its closure, I spoke with a young man who explained that, as a recovering alcoholic, his weekends were lonely because he could no longer go to the pub, but a couple of hours in the baths had been filled with the conversation he missed. Another said that the baths had kept him together after he and his wife separated, and another spoke of how they alleviated his asthma. Barry, a regular of more than 50 years, would often say that he could name half a dozen men who had not needed mental health treatment because the baths provided a space to unwind and talk.
It has been three years since the closure of Carlisle’s Turkish baths, but the campaign and the charity that I started continue the work to secure a community asset transfer from Cumberland council and reopen them as an expanded centre for health and wellbeing. I pay tribute to Steve Yeates—
Helen Hayes (Dulwich and West Norwood) (Lab)
My hon. Friend is making a heartfelt and moving speech in support of somebody who was clearly very dear to her, for which I commend her. I hope I have given her a little breathing space.
Ms Minns
My hon. Friend has, and I appreciate it.
Steve Yeates was the secretary of Friends of Carlisle Turkish Baths, and he sadly passed away last year. I also thank the Architectural Heritage Fund for the advice and financial support that have enabled the group to evidence the viability of its vision, which will include a community laundry because, as Kitty Wilkinson knew, baths are a community facility that supports public health, and they are open to all.
I conclude by inviting the Minister to visit Carlisle, to endorse the work of the friends group and to back its vision of reopening the north-west’s last Victorian Turkish baths.
Dr Beccy Cooper (Worthing West) (Lab)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairship, Mr Efford. I commend my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) for his continued advocacy. As someone who lived down the road in Huntingdon for many years, I am delighted to hear that Peterborough lido is up and running again, which is fantastic. Lidos are not just leisure facilities; they are part of the fabric of our communities, as other hon. Members have so eloquently spoken about already.
In Worthing West, as my hon. Friend the Member for East Worthing and Shoreham (Tom Rutland) has already alluded to, our lido tells a similar story. It was originally built as a bandstand in 1925, and was later transformed into a pool. It has long been a defining feature of our seafront, and it is a place to which people feel deeply connected. For some time, it has stood empty. However, it has not been redundant, as it has played host to a fantastic series of film backdrops. The 2018 Laurel and Hardy biopic was set in our wonderful lido, and it can also be seen in “Wicked Little Letters” with Olivia Colman.
Even though we welcome our lido being a film backdrop, it is now changing into something much more proactive for our community, as there is real momentum behind bringing it back to life. It has been a local priority for me and my hon. Friend the Member for East Worthing and Shoreham, and we have been working with partners, including Worthing borough council, Worthing Heritage, businesses and community groups, to help drive that forward.
Jayne Kirkham (Truro and Falmouth) (Lab/Co-op)
I cannot let a debate on swimming pools go without mentioning Falmouth, which is on a peninsula with sea on three sides. The children of Falmouth have lost the swimming pool, as it was shut by the Conservative council in 2022. We have been campaigning rigorously, including with a petition to this House, to try to reopen it. In the meantime, community organisations, Falmouth town council and Pendennis Leisure have taken on the site to try to keep it running. I pay tribute to those organisations.
Dr Cooper
Excellent. I thank my hon. Friend, who has nicely paid tribute to them. Well done.
What has been so striking about the work we are doing is the level of local energy in our community. People care deeply about these spaces, and they want to see them thriving again. We have an opportunity to do that in a way that reflects who we are now as a town, by creating a space that works for the future—one that can bring people together and host community life, and that makes the most of its unique position on the seafront. In Worthing, the sea is not just a backdrop. It is part of our identity, which gives us the chance to think a little differently about how people experience this space and the role it can play in everyday life.
At this point, I give credit to my hon. Friend the Member for East Worthing and Shoreham. The lido is right on the seafront, and being on the channel, as Members can imagine, the structure is not terribly stable. Worthing borough council is putting in a lot of money, and Historic England is looking to shore it up so that it does not fall into the sea. Although I am not an engineer, the prospect of putting a swimming pool back into that structure looks quite unlikely. My mighty hon. Friend is undeterred. He says that we must have some sort of sea pool, so we are looking into the possibility of having a sea pool near the lido structure. We are also looking at the possibility of green energy generation. What started out as a community project is blossoming into something quite fantastic for Worthing. It is in its early days, but we are very excited.
As a public health doctor, I can see real value in these spaces, and many Members have mentioned public health already. Access to healthy outdoor spaces should not be a luxury; everyone should benefit from them, regardless of where they live or what their circumstances are.
I conclude by inviting all hon. Members to come to Worthing to see the lido in its current art deco glory, and I ask the Minister to consider the options for Government contributions to our lido. There will be mighty funding contributions, and I ask the Government to contribute in whatever way possible to our community “ DIY SOS” project.
Dr Simon Opher (Stroud) (Lab)
I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) for securing this debate. Lidos are important to us all—particularly to me, because I learned to swim in Grange-over-Sands lido, which is a saltwater lido that is currently closed but will hopefully be reopening shortly, and my first job was in south Oxford at the Hinksey open-air lido. Lidos mean a lot to me.
We are in crisis in Stroud: last week, we found out that our lido in Stratford Park is not going to open for a number of maintenance reasons. That is a recurring theme—my hon. Friend the Member for Bishop Auckland (Sam Rushworth) said that his lido has not opened either. We are in a crisis, and we need extra Government support. Our lido, like many in this country, was built in 1938, and throughout the war, people swam there to relax. Lidos are lifesaving: 25% of children in this country are unable to swim when they leave primary school, which is a scandal. The health benefits, which my hon. Friend the Member for Worthing West (Dr Cooper) just talked about, are important, and they include fitness and combating stress. On the community value of lidos, one of my constituents said:
“It is no exaggeration to say that there are people who would not have been born in Stroud were it not for their parents or grandparents meeting at the lido and it is no exaggeration to say that there are people in Stroud who would now have died were it not for the enormous health benefits of swimming in the lido.”
At our lido, a load of things have been found that are probably quite familiar to many others: the lining is beginning to break up and there is some worry that the pump and the valves, which are all 80 or 90 years old, are about to fail. We are very angry in Stroud because we were not told about that before. I believe that there are ways to open the pool this summer so that we can benefit from it, and then maintain it in the winter.
It is said that the lido is going to be closed for safety reasons, but if it is closed, people in my constituency will go to the many rivers and lakes around Stroud, which are much more dangerous for swimmers. There have been a number of deaths in a lake in the area, so opening the lido will save lives. We need to fix the bottom of the pool quickly and fill it up for the summer, and then we need to consider a change of ownership. It is currently owned by the district council, but maybe it could be run through community ownership or with support from the Government.
Many of those in charge of lidos in this country should look to Penzance’s hot saltwater pool. It was redeveloped after storm damage, and it is lovely to sit in. We need to offer day tickets. The Government should make lidos cheap and cheerful because people love them. Would the Minister consider creating a national lido fund? If the Government are serious about public health, communities and opportunity for young people, they must be serious about saving our lidos.
Navendu Mishra (Stockport) (Lab)
It is a pleasure to serve in this debate with you in the Chair, Mr Efford. I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) on securing such an important debate. Sadly, the reality is that more than 1,200 swimming pools have been closed since 2010, a net loss of around 500 due to the austerity imposed by the coalition Government and subsequent Conservative Governments.
In Stockport, not only have we lost Reddish baths, but we have serious issues at the Grand Central swimming pool in our town centre. That pool is a valuable asset for the community, and I am concerned by the lack of investment in the facility by the Liberal Democrat-run Stockport council. It is a valuable 50-metre pool. The ability to switch between short-course and long-course swimming provides significant benefits to local swimmers. The pool is essential to the physical and mental wellbeing of many, and we cannot afford to downgrade yet another facility. I am sorry to share that, and I would like the Minister to intervene on this issue if possible, because when I engaged with Sport England, the organisation was less than helpful—I think it should take a better attitude to engaging with MPs.
Reddish in my constituency faces many issues, including health inequalities and a lack of high-quality public facilities. Reddish baths closed in 2005 and the building has stood vacant ever since. For generations, the swimming baths brought the community together, gave young people the opportunity to learn a vital skill and served as a much-loved facility. I am currently running a survey asking residents in Reddish to share their views about the baths, and 86% of respondents placed “swimming or fitness facilities” in their top three preferred future uses for the site. I thank Councillors Rachel Wise and David Wilson for supporting my survey.
I regularly meet people who are frustrated by the lack of provision in Reddish; many respondents to my survey referenced childhood memories, the loss of local pools and frustration at seeing a valuable building left unused. Despite that, Stockport council currently has no firm plans to reopen or reinvest in the baths. Across five facilities, Stockport council has a public supply of 2,648 cubic metres of water. To meet the recommended supply, Stockport would need another 990 cubic metres, so there is clearly a water provision deficit.
Nationally, swimming outcomes are worsening, and that is a cause of serious concern. I recently visited Stockport Metro swimming club at Grand Central to see the performance squads in action. I pay tribute to the dedication of the swimmers and coaches. Stockport Metro continues to be a vital pathway for young people to progress in the sport. Since moving to Grand Central pool, 14 Stockport Metro athletes have qualified for the Olympic games and the club has produced four Olympic medallists, making it the most successful in British history. That is a point of pride and celebration for us in Stockport, and I wish Stockport Metro the best of luck in the upcoming Commonwealth games in Glasgow.
To add to the list, I invite the Minister to Stockport to visit Reddish baths and Grand Central. I want to see the Government engaging constructively with Stockport council to secure the future of facilities in Reddish and our town centre. I am grateful to all staff at Life Leisure in Stockport and everyone who has written to me about these issues, and I place on the record my thanks to Swim England for all its work on the issue.
All of us want high-quality public services in our constituencies, in particular for health, fitness and mental wellbeing. Britain has a rich tradition of producing world-class athletes; if we do not invest in such facilities for people of all ages, that will be lost. I could go on and on, Mr Efford, but I know you are getting uneasy in the Chair, so I will conclude my remarks.
Helen Hayes (Dulwich and West Norwood) (Lab)
It is a pleasure to see you in the Chair, Mr Efford. I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) for securing this fantastic debate about lidos.
I am proud that my constituency is home to Brockwell lido in the magnificent setting of Brockwell Park. Brockwell lido is an unheated outdoor swimming pool that opened in 1937, and it is grade II listed. It is a very special place. Crowned Britain’s best outdoor pool by the AA in 2025, it is known locally as Brixton beach. It is a place where generations of children have learned to swim and enjoyed the freedom of a summer by the pool. It is where many local residents enjoy the ritual of year-round swimming and a range of activities, including gym, fitness, yoga, and a truly wonderful programme of inclusive children’s activities run by the brilliant Whippersnappers.
Brockwell lido is firmly at the heart of our community, and it has a special place in my life too. I have swum there regularly since 1996. In 2024, after many years of trying to summon the courage, I—pardon the pun—dipped my toe in the water of cold-water swimming, continuing my weekly swim into the autumn months. I very much enjoyed the experience until the Sunday before Christmas, when the water temperature was a balmy 8°. I fainted in the changing room afterwards. I am grateful to the kind women who found me and helped me to recover my pride and dignity, as much as my consciousness; I am now not quite a year-round swimmer at Brockwell lido.
Throughout Brockwell lido’s history, however, it has faced precarious times. It was closed for a period in 1990 and opened again after a vigorous campaign by the Brockwell Lido Users group. I pay tribute to BLU, which played such an active role in advocating for lido users and for the protection and maintenance of Brockwell lido. In 2023, when the lido needed major investment to be able to continue, BLU was involved in the choosing of a new operator, Fusion Lifestyle, which secured the investment needed at the time and ran the lido well for the first few years through good collaboration with BLU, Whippersnappers and Lambeth council.
In recent years, however, following a change in the leadership of Fusion Lifestyle and some of the challenges faced by the leisure industry as a result of the pandemic, there has been increasing concern about the quality of the facilities and the lack of investment and maintenance at Brockwell lido. Right now, Brockwell lido is facing a new risk, as it is understood that Fusion Lifestyle faces grave financial difficulties and may no longer be in a position to continue to operate the lido.
On Sunday, I attended a meeting of more than 200 local residents, who came together with Lambeth councillors and members of the BLU committee to talk about the future of Brockwell lido. Were any confirmation needed as to how loved and valued Brockwell lido is by local residents in our community, that meeting was it. I am pleased that Lambeth council agreed to step in if needed to ensure that Brockwell lido stays open, but the anxiety in recent weeks poses a number of questions about protections for our lidos, and whether sufficient protection is afforded to them given their great value to our communities.
We know, for example, that Brockwell lido is a profitable site, but there has been little transparency about, and no ringfencing of, the funding that the lido brings in, such that it is spent on the maintenance and investment that is needed for the lido. The process is under way for designating Brockwell lido an asset of community value, but I wonder whether such a designation should be automatic for facilities that are always going to be assets of community value. There is no guaranteed role for users of our lidos in their governance, despite the fact that the users are so often the custodians of such valuable and important places. Finally, in the event of insolvency or administration, there is no obligation on an operator to co-operate with, or to hand the facility back to, the council so that it can continue to operate for the public benefit.
We love Brockwell lido and, as a community, we will work to ensure that it has a sustainable, viable and long-term future, but without doubt, having had this experience, we are learning about possible additional protections. I hope that the Minister will have some response to such concerns.
John Whitby (Derbyshire Dales) (Lab)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairship, Mr Efford. I am grateful to my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) for giving me the opportunity to talk about our public baths and lidos, and the positive effect they have on our local communities.
This year, the outdoor swimming pool in Hathersage will be celebrating its 90th anniversary, an incredible achievement for a community asset that has faced many challenges. In 2014, Hathersage parish council agreed to pursue listed status for the pool, a process that locals described as time-consuming and arduous. It is vital that we protect historical facilities such as the outdoor pool at Hathersage by minimising barriers to achieving listed status, therefore giving more access to grant funding so that they may continue to play a central role in community life for many years to come.
Similarly, the lido in Matlock Bath plays an important role in supporting both residents and visitors, who contribute to the local tourist economy and travel from far and wide for the unique experience that Matlock Bath has to offer. The outdoor pool at the New Bath Hotel is fed directly by the site’s natural geothermal spring—in fact, it is the only lido in England heated by spring water, with temperatures naturally reaching up to 23°C. The lido plays a role as not just a community space, but a direct provider and supporter of jobs, both in maintaining and running the pool, and a provider of secondary employment in the hotel, pubs, cafés and restaurants that benefit from tourism in the area.
In many parts of the country, especially rural areas with underfunded public transport, lidos are now under real pressure from rising costs, ageing infrastructure and shrinking access to funding. If we lose them, we do not just lose a pool; we lose something that holds the community together, brings in tourism and has real historical value.
I simply urge that when we talk about investment in public health, local infrastructure and community assets, we recognise the value of facilities such as those in Matlock Bath and Hathersage. In areas such as the Derbyshire Dales, they make a real difference to people’s lives. I will not add to the Minister’s growing workload by inviting him to the Derbyshire Dales, but he will always be welcome there.
Martin Wrigley (Newton Abbot) (LD)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairship, Mr Efford. I, too, congratulate the hon. Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) on obtaining this debate and on the delightful picture he painted of the Peterborough lido. It is concerning to hear from the Members who have spoken so far about the precious yet precarious position that lidos are in.
At their peak, there were over 300 active public outdoor pools in the UK, but during the 1960s and 70s, policy and funding for lidos shifted away. Many were closed, filled in, or turned into car parks, supermarkets or garden centres. This continued in the 1980s and 90s, when the national stock of outdoor pools shrank by almost two thirds. But even as this was happening, communities were starting to fight back. The 21st century has seen a national lido revolution gaining ever-growing momentum.
We saw dozens of lidos reopened in the 2000s and 2010s after vigorous community campaigns. Many have been transferred to community-led charities, as we have heard from across the Chamber today, where innovative and responsive models maximise the positive impacts. Others have been revived and sustained by councils that saw the benefits to public health, community cohesion and the local economy. Future Lidos, which connects, represents and advocates for lidos across the UK and Ireland, lists 125 operating lidos and 40 projects either developing new pools or working to revive these precious heritage assets.
The lido sector is flourishing, collaborative, imaginative and resilient, yet these pools are being sustained against considerable odds. Alongside indoor pools, lidos have been hit hard by energy crises and costs. National insurance increases and the volatile cost of living have not helped either. These vital public health resources are run by cash-strapped councils and small independent charities operating on ever-tighter margins, often within the constraints of heritage facilities and outdated equipment.
I apologise; at the beginning of my speech, I should have reminded Members of my registered interest as a member of Teignbridge district council. In Teignbridge we have six pools: Chudleigh, Bovey Tracey, Kingsteignton, Ashburton, Moretonhampstead, and Teignmouth lido. Of those, Teignmouth is the only one by the sea, and the only one that is still council-run, but hopefully it is under transition to a community group—a familiar story that we have heard across the Chamber. It is also unusual in that it opened in 1976, but it has been an important part of Teignmouth’s history ever since. As a vital community asset, it is used by around 10,000 people every year.
Swimming at the lido is one of the most accessible activities to support an active and healthy lifestyle. Swimming pools such as the Teignmouth lido play a vital role in the community for those of all ages, backgrounds, ethnicities and financial circumstances. Devon has one of the highest proportions of people who swim regularly; residents are twice as likely as those in the rest of England to swim regularly in an outdoor pool. The lido offers residents of Teignmouth and the surrounding areas the ability to swim. I welcome the calls for Government support for lidos across the country, which would help save Teignmouth lido for future generations.
We know that swimming has enormous benefits for our health and wellbeing, and that those who get into swimming are more likely to remain active than those who participate in other forms of exercise. Public baths and lidos are vital community assets and public places for relaxation and mental wellbeing. However, some communities simply do not have access to them. Among people with long-term health conditions or disabilities, participation in swimming is much higher than in other sports. Investing in public baths and lidos is an investment in the nation’s health.
The Liberal Democrats have called for swimming pools and leisure centres to be designated as critical health infrastructure to protect them from closure; if things are not statutory in councils’ budgets, they can and will be cut in these times of hard choices. That designation would enshrine protections in law, meaning that central and local government would have a legal duty not to cut these services, and to maintain adequate funding to keep them open, as they are critical to the national health.
Joe Robertson (Isle of Wight East) (Con)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship, Mr Efford. I congratulate the hon. Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) on securing this important debate.
Across the United Kingdom, public baths and lidos play an essential role in encouraging people of all ages to keep fit and healthy, as well as teaching them a vital life skill: how to swim. Although we often, rightly, discuss the critical importance of our indoor leisure centres, which provide year-round access for our schools and competitive clubs, I want to take the opportunity to focus on the unique cultural and economic value of our lidos and public baths.
Around 12.5 million adults go swimming each year, and more than 4 million people enjoy swimming outdoors, including in our historical lidos. These venues offer a communal experience that is hard to replicate elsewhere. They are social and recreational spaces that act as a liquid town square, bringing together families and children in a controlled and safe environment.
From a health perspective, lidos offer a unique form of blue health, supporting the prevention of ill health and, indeed, the Government’s own prevention agenda in health policy. The cold-water environment and the connection to the outdoors provide significant mental health benefits, while the low-impact nature of the exercise is particularly important for older generations and those with disabilities or musculoskeletal conditions.
Beyond health, we must recognise the role of lidos in our tourism sector and visitor economy. A well-maintained lido is a destination in its own right, attracting visitors who support local cafés, shops, hotels and other businesses. In my constituency on the Isle of Wight, I am backing a campaign to get a new sea pool built in Sandown bay. That visionary, community-led initiative seeks to integrate an accessible, nature-based tidal pool directly into our coastal defences. By linking our traditional heritage of public baths with the natural blue health of the Solent, the project demonstrates how we can provide safe, year-round swimming that complements our UNESCO biosphere status. It will serve as a model for how coastal communities can reclaim their relationship with the water through sustainable, integrated solutions that offer health, tourism and regeneration all in one. In the spirit of dishing out invites during this debate, I invite the Minister to visit the new sea pool—but he may wish to put my invitation to the bottom of the pile, because it has not been built yet.
We must confront the reality, however, that these facilities are under threat. More than 25% of children leaving primary school are unable to swim 25 metres. The facilities they use are now at risk due to their age and increased costs. Looking at pools in general built since 1960, the average age of a pool at the time of closure is 39 years. More than 1,200 pools operating in England are more than 40 years of age and therefore approaching the end of their lifespan. In fact, the average age of a pool among Community Leisure UK members is 55 years, making them older than the average Member of this House. This is a wider issue than only lidos.
Every £1 invested in community sport and physical activity sees a return of £4.20, and swimming specifically generates £2.4 billion of social value each year. Those benefits can continue only if there is a genuine strategy for investment. I secured a similar debate on Government support for swimming facilities almost 300 days ago, yet we have had no plan or update since then. I endorse the questions put by the hon. Member for Peterborough to the Minister and I will also ask him some of my own.
Will the Government commit to a long-term capital strategy for swimming pools and lidos, recognising the ageing condition of much of the current estate? What assessment has the Department made of the impact of rising operational costs, including employer national insurance increases and energy costs, on the financial sustainability of community pools? Finally, when will we see a joined-up strategy across DCMS, the Department for Education and the Department of Health and Social Care to guarantee access to swimming for every child?
The Vice-Chamberlain of His Majesty’s Household (Sir Nicholas Dakin)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship, Mr Efford. I am pleased to respond to this lively and informative debate, and I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough (Andrew Pakes) on securing it and such good attendance, too. I thank all hon. Members for their contributions; I think I have collected invitations to Peterborough, Carlisle, Worthing, Stockport, Matlock and the as-yet-to-be-built sea pool on the Isle of Wight.
Sam Rushworth
I just want to extend the Minister’s invitation list: I invite him to see the lido that we want to reopen at Stanhope and to come to Crook, where the public baths closed 10 years ago. Will he write and let us know what opportunities there are for Sport England funding for that sort of project? At the moment, I am not promising it to my voters, although I am really committed to it. I am meeting with Crook Community Leisure and others and trying to make it happen, but I struggle to see a way to do it without Government support.
Sir Nicholas Dakin
My hon. Friend’s energy and willingness to work with Crook Community Leisure speaks for itself, but I will certainly take away that question and share it with the Under-Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, my hon. Friend the Member for Barnsley South (Stephanie Peacock). She was meant to respond to the debate, but unfortunately, due to the change in the voting pattern, she needed to get the last train to Cornwall at 7 pm, so she sends her apologies to hon. Members. She is disappointed not to be here, as she was very excited to talk about lidos. She will be keen to read the debate and follow up with hon. Members on any questions that I fail to answer appropriately.
As we heard, it is an exciting time of year for the art deco Peterborough lido, which is a jewel in the crown of Peterborough. I understand that my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough will be one of the first to make a splash in the newly reopened lido.
Sir Nicholas Dakin
Tomorrow, he will be splashing. He invited me to drop into Peterborough as I pass by on my way home to Scunthorpe, but unfortunately I am not sure that I will be able to do that.
Lidos are not only a vital part of our culture; they offer a great contribution to our health and wellbeing, too. We heard about the restoration of Worthing lido to its former glory. We heard about the value of Brockwell lido, which my hon. Friend the Member for Dulwich and West Norwood (Helen Hayes) talked about at great length and with great passion—I thank her for that. We heard from my hon. Friend the Member for Derbyshire Dales (John Whitby) about Matlock Bath; the lido’s contribution towards the heritage and tourism there is a good example of the contribution of lidos across the country.
Lidos are part of our deep cultural heritage, as my hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough said, and I think that has been demonstrated by the energy of the debate. Certainly, we have the beginnings of a lido network here, and I encourage hon. Members to work with their local lidos to join them up. I think that would help in working with the Department, Sport England and other bodies to ensure that the voice of the lido world has its full impact.
Sport and physical activity, especially activities such as swimming, play a vital role in tackling the health challenges facing our nation by helping to treat and manage a wide variety of health conditions. My hon. Friend spoke with passion about his local lido, and I can understand the appeal of outdoor swimming. He is right that swimming and the public good go together, and lidos are an important part of that.
The Under-Secretary of State experienced some of the benefits of outdoor swimming when she joined Mental Health Swims for a swim in Hampstead ponds a while ago. That reinforced for her the positive impact that swimming, and outdoor swimming in particular, can have on mental health. Last Sunday I attended the annual north Lincolnshire swimarathon at The Pods in Scunthorpe, which is organised by local rotary clubs and raises thousands of pounds for local charities. It is good for the wellbeing of both volunteers and swimmers.
A golden thread that ran through everybody’s speeches was the voluntary effort that is put into running these facilities, whether by campaigners to maintain the facilities or to rejuvenate them. My hon. Friend the Member for Carlisle (Ms Minns) drew attention to Steve Yeates, the secretary of Carlisle Turkish baths. His story is an inspiration for all the other volunteers across the country. We pay tribute to him and, through him, to all those other volunteers who do so much in our world of sport and wellbeing to make the world a better place.
Swim England’s “Value of Swimming” report highlighted that 1.4 million adults in Britain felt that swimming significantly reduced their anxiety or depression, and that swimming saved the NHS and social care system over £357 million annually. Physical activity interventions contribute to an immense saving to the NHS by preventing 900,000 cases of diabetes and 93,000 cases of dementia every year. As the hon. Member for Newton Abbot (Martin Wrigley) said, investing in lidos is an investment in the nation’s health.
The Government are committed to pivoting our health system to focus on prevention, and sport and physical activity are central to that. The biggest health gain comes from supporting those who are inactive, or less active, to move more. We know that swimming is a fantastic activity for the more inactive.
Catherine West
The Minister is making an excellent point about prevention. The other thing that Swim England always emphasises is the importance of 11-year-olds being able to swim when they leave primary school. As a former teacher, does he agree with that?
Sir Nicholas Dakin
I absolutely do, and my hon. Friend moves me on to my next point. Before I come to it, though, let me emphasise that we are acting on the 10-year health plan by developing a national plan for physical activity. That plan will set out how the Government are working across sectors, from health to sport to transport, to enable everyone, and particularly the least active, to access physical activity and benefit from social connection and improved wellbeing.
My hon. Friend rightly raises the importance of swimming. As a former teacher, I fully understand the importance of swimming lessons for children. My hon. Friend the Member for Stroud (Dr Opher) drew attention to that, too, as well as to his local lido.
Swimming is a vital life skill, as the Opposition spokesperson, the hon. Member for Isle of Wight East (Joe Robertson), said. Swimming and water safety are compulsory elements of the physical education national curriculum at key stages 1 and 2. Pupils should be taught to swim a minimum of 25 metres, use a range of strokes and perform safe self-rescue in different water-based situations.
It is clear that we are facing significant challenges, and the number of children leaving school able to swim the required 25 metres unaided is sadly falling. We need to put additional focus and effort into this area. Last year’s data shows that only 73% of year 7 pupils aged 11 to 12 can swim confidently and proficiently over distances of at least 25 metres. We must strive to get that percentage as close to 100% as possible, so that children can safely enjoy this wonderful activity.
What is clear is that the inequalities between those who have access to opportunities to swim and those who do not—we have heard much about access in this debate—are widening further. Through the Government’s work to reform school sport, we are committed to protecting time for physical education in schools, including by supporting schools to provide opportunities for every pupil to learn to swim.
There is evidence of a direct correlation between increased activity levels and areas of the country with the highest density of accessible facilities that are safe, inclusive and affordable. It is fantastic to see Peterborough council and the Government working together to ensure that those facilities are available for the local community in Peterborough. I am delighted to hear that the lido has reopened and is flourishing, with over 37,000 visitors last year—a record year. That should give heart to all hon. Members who are endeavouring to move forward with their local lidos in a similar way.
It is positive that the Government are supporting the development of a new swimming pool and sports quarter, by providing £20 million from the growth mission fund. Sport and leisure facilities can help create a sense of pride in place and improve community cohesion, whether through team sports, gym classes or children’s swimming lessons.
My hon. Friend the Minister saw this at first hand at Bletchley leisure centre in Milton Keynes and the physical activity hub in Bedworth, both of which she was fortunate enough to visit in February and March. It is clear that those facilities make a huge difference to people’s lives. She has also seen the impact of community facilities in her own constituency. Your Space Hoyland provides swimming, football, badminton, netball, basketball and a gym. The centre is not for profit and reinvests money back into its facilities.
My hon. Friend the Member for Peterborough knows all this and has made a powerful and passionate case for the important role that quality, accessible community swimming facilities can play in his constituency, illustrating his commitment by securing this debate. Local government has an integral role to play. We heard from my hon. Friend the Member for Stockport (Navendu Mishra), who is working as best he can with Stockport council, and I commend his continued efforts to engage with it. I also share his best wishes for Stockport Metro in the upcoming Commonwealth games.
While local authorities are responsible for decisions on sport and leisure provision in their areas, we recognise the challenges faced, especially by smaller councils. The Government are committed to supporting local government and ensuring that funding goes to the places that need it most through the local government finance settlement.
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport is responsible for the overall approach to sport and leisure provision across the country. We work closely with Sport England, the Government’s arm’s length body for community sport, to invest over £250 million of national lottery and Government money annually into some of the most deprived areas of the country to help them increase physical activity levels. That includes a vital £10.6 million through Sport England for grassroots swimming, empowering more people to learn to swim, enjoy the water safely and compete.
Sport England’s place-based investment approach, which now covers over 90 communities and places local voices at the heart of decision making, is a testament to our evolving strategy. However, we recognise that the journey does not end there. Certainly, if Members want the Department to look into facilitating more MP engagement with Sport England, we would be happy to do so.
We have had an excellent debate, and I thank everyone for their contributions. We have shouted out very loudly for lidos this afternoon, which I think will continue with the efforts of my hon. and right hon. Friends present.
Andrew Pakes
Thank you for chairing this debate, Mr Efford, and I thank everyone for sharing their experiences. We in government talk a lot about connection, the importance of communities coming together and pride in place. Nothing brings us together more than the pride in our lidos and public baths, as we have heard today.
The one person I would single out is Kitty Wilkinson, and the wonderful story told by my hon. Friend the Member for Carlisle (Ms Minns). It was working men and women, through generations gone, who fought for public health and the ability for people to wash after a day’s work. They transformed and created a movement that has led to today’s lidos, and it is the passion of volunteers today that will keep lidos in rude health for years to come.
Question put and agreed to.
Resolved,
That this House has considered the impact of public baths and lidos on local communities.